以颈椎病、腰椎退行性疾病、膝骨关节炎为代表的骨与关节退行性疾病治疗以非手术治疗为主,是骨伤科临床治疗优势病种。中药、手法、针灸、传统功能锻炼等是中医常用的特色疗法,能够显著改善患者的临床症状、体征,预防疾病复发。目前,中医药防治骨与关节退行性疾病存在临床疗效评价欠规范、临床生物样本库应用不够、中医关键技术装备研发不足、多学科交叉协同创新匮乏等问题。针对上述问题,建议中医药防治该类疾病应遵循"证据为重、中西共识"的原则开展临床研究,规范中医诊疗信息采集并构建临床生物样本库,融合现代科学技术研发中医关键技术装备,整合优势资源实现协同攻关组织模式,完善中医药防治骨与关节退行性疾病的研究证据,进一步提升临床诊疗水平。
The treatment of bone and joint degenerative diseases represented by cervical spondylosis, lumbar degenerative diseases, and knee osteoarthritis is mainly non-surgical treatment, which aredominant diseases of Traditional Chinese Medicine orthopedics. Traditional Chinese Medicine, manipulation, acupuncture, and traditional functional exercises are characteristic therapies commonly used in Chinese Medicine, which can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and signs of patients and prevent disease recurrence. At present, the prevention and treatment of bone and joint degenerative diseases with traditional Chinese Medicine still have many problems such as insufficient clinical efficacy evaluation, insufficient application of clinical Biobanks, insufficient research and development of key traditional Chinese Medicine technology and equipment, lack of multidisciplinary collaborative innovation. In order to solve these problems, it is suggested that traditional Chinese Medicine should follow the principle of "evidence-oriented, Chinese and Western medicine consensus" to carry out clinical research, standardize the collection of Chinese Medicine diagnosis and treatment information, build a clinical biological sample library, integrate modern science and technology to develop key Chinese Medicine technical equipment, integrate advantageous resources to achieve a collaborative research organization model, improve the research evidence of traditional Chinese Medicine in the prevention and treatment of bone and joint degenerative diseases, and further improve the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment.
WEI X, HAN T, SUN K, et al. Advantages, key issues and research strategies of traditional Chinese Medicine in the prevention and treatment of bone and joint degenerative diseases [J] . Chinese General Practice, 2021, 24 (35) : 4421-4426.
魏戌,韩涛,孙凯,等. 中医药防治骨与关节退行性疾病的优势、关键问题及研究策略 : ——骨关节疾病基层防治,发挥中医药优势[J]. 中国全科医学,2021,24(35):4421-4426,F01.
DOI:10.12114/j.issn.1007-9572.2021.01.032本刊2021年版权归中国全科医学杂志社所有
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目前,颈椎病、骨关节炎、腰椎间盘突出症、肩关节周围炎等骨关节疾病高发,基层医疗机构常采用中药内服、手法、中药外敷、针灸、理疗等中医药疗法,其效果得到社区居民的认可。结合基层医疗机构在中医药防治骨关节疾病的现况及存在的现实问题,向基层医疗机构管理者及医护人员提几点建议:
(1)基层医疗机构对医护人员开展专业化培训,使得医护人员对中医药的适宜技术拥有足够的知识储备和应用经验,在使用中医药手段参与疾病的治疗过程中能够准确的掌握适应证与禁忌证,在避免误诊和误治的同时提高治疗效果。
(2)发挥中医药特长和优势,因地制宜、因时制宜的采用合适的治疗手段,如偏阴冷潮湿的地区会造成寒湿性关节疾病的多发,可对应的采用艾灸和温阳散寒的中药外敷手段进行关节炎的预防和治疗等。
(3)提高患者就医体验,基层医疗机构应开展医患沟通培训,使患者在就医过程中体验到医护人员的专业水平和服务水平,因为骨关节疾病患者年龄普遍较大,腿脚不便和行动迟缓者亦在多数,医护人员较高的专业水平和服务水平会给患者带来良好的就医体验,从而使得基层医疗机构能够留得住并且治得好患者。
(4)加大宣传力度,中医药疗法在骨关节疾病治疗方面拥有良好的效果,在全国拥有广泛的群众基础,故基层医疗机构应做好宣传科普工作,使社区居民能够更深层次地理解中医药的作用。
中医药是祖国传统文化的瑰宝,是重要的卫生资源,在基层医疗机构服务中具有独特的优势和作用,基层医护工作者不仅承担着个体及群体疾病防治的任务,更承担着推进中医药卫生改革的使命,相信广大的基层医护工作者能够在新时代保障人民群众健康的战线中发挥更大作用。
魏戌,韩涛,孙凯,等.中医药防治骨与关节退行性疾病的优势、关键问题及研究策略[J].中国全科医学,2021,24(35):4421-4426. [www.chinagp.net]
魏戌、朱立国进行文章构思及顶层设计;魏戌、韩涛、孙凯负责论文撰写;韩涛、孙凯、陈忻、银河负责文献资料的收集;魏戌、朱立国对文章的内容进行审效及质量控制,并对文章整体负责。
魏戌.骨关节疾病基层防治,发挥中医药优势[J].中国全科医学,2021,24(35):目次页.

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