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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南（2021）
中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组
作者及单位信息
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DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211101-00759
Chinese national guideline on diagnosis and management of cough(2021)
Asthma Group of Chinese Thoracic Society
Lai Kefang
Authors Info & Affiliations
Asthma Group of Chinese Thoracic Society
Lai Kefang
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China
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DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211101-00759
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摘要

近年来，咳嗽的诊断、治疗与发病机制研究取得了许多新的进展。为及时反映国内外相关研究结果，中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组组织了呼吸内科、消化内科、反流外科、耳鼻咽喉科、儿科、中医科等多个学科的专家，对中国《咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南（2015）》重新进行了修订。对原有的证据等级、推荐强度进行了审核与更新，新增、删除了部分推荐意见。指南的基本结构保持不变，主要内容包括咳嗽的定义、流行病学与发病机制，咳嗽的诊断、评估与检查，急性、亚急性、慢性咳嗽的诊断与治疗，咳嗽的经验性治疗与对症治疗等。

ABSTRACT

Advances have been made in the diagnosis, management and pathogenesis of chronic cough in recent years. To better present the current progress achieved both in China and abroad, the Asthma Group of Chinese Thoracic Society organized experts from various disciplines, including respiratory medicine, gastroenterology, reflux surgery, otorhinolaryngology, pediatrics and traditional Chinese medicine, to update the Chinese national guideline on diagnosis and management of cough(2015). In this new version of guideline, previous evidence quality and recommendation strength were re-evaluated and updated, meanwhile some new recommendations were added, and certain previous recommendations were deleted. In general, the basic structure of the latest version remained the same as the previous version, which includes definitions, epidemiology and pathogenesis of chronic cough, investigations, evaluations of chronic cough, diagnosis and management of acute cough, subacute cough and chronic cough, and empirical and symptomatic treatment of chronic cough, etc.

Lai Kefang,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, Guangzhou 510120, China, Email: mocdef.3ab61ialk
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引用本文

中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组. 咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南（2021）[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2022,45(01)：13-46.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211101-00759

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更正

本刊2022年45卷第1期第17页“症状指数＞75%”应为“症状指数≥45%”。特此更正。更正的同时表示歉意！

咳嗽是呼吸专科门诊和社区门诊患者最常见的症状。在国内专科门诊中，慢性咳嗽患者占三分之一以上。咳嗽病因复杂且涉及面广，诊断不易明确，很多患者常反复进行各种检查或者长期使用抗菌药物和镇咳药物，收效甚微并产生诸多不良反应，对患者的工作、学习和生活质量造成严重影响，同时也带来了严重的卫生经济负担 ［ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ］ 。
为进一步规范我国咳嗽的诊断和治疗，指导咳嗽的临床实践和相关研究，中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组组织相关专家，根据国内咳嗽研究结果和临床实践，同时参考了美国胸科医师学会（American College of Chest Physicians，ACCP）、欧洲呼吸学会（European Respiratory Society，ERS）等发布的咳嗽指南，于2005年制订了中国《咳嗽的诊断和治疗指南（草案）》 ［ 5 ］ ，并先后于2009、2015年进行了修订 ［ 6 , 7 ］ 。指南制订以来，对临床实践起到了良好的指导作用，显著提高了国内的咳嗽诊治水平。近年来，国内外对咳嗽发病机制、病因分布、诊断与治疗的研究取得了许多新的进展。为进一步完善指南，及时反映国内外相关研究结果，中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组于2021年3月启动了新版“咳嗽的诊断和治疗指南”的修订工作。
本次指南修订采用循证医学方法，在原版指南的基础上，检索了截至2021年4月13日的所有文献，对原有的证据等级、推荐强度进行了审核与更新，新增、删除了部分推荐意见。新版指南主要增加和修订了以下几个方面的内容：（1）增加了流行病学方面的内容，包括危险因素与经济负担。（2）对病史与实验室检查部分进行了精简。（3）咳嗽的评估部分删除了缺乏循证医学依据的咳嗽症状积分，增加了新的简化咳嗽程度评分。（4）增加了慢性咳嗽的少见病因，在原有不明原因慢性咳嗽、咳嗽高敏综合征的基础上，引入了难治性慢性咳嗽的概念。关于心理性咳嗽，引入一个新的诊断名词：躯体性咳嗽综合征（somatic cough syndrome）。（5）适当扩充儿童慢性咳嗽的病因与治疗部分。（6）推荐强度由原来的3个级别改为2个级别：强推荐与弱推荐，取消了中间级别。（7）总体推荐意见进行了精简，一些已为临床实践广为接受的诊断治疗原则改为描述性内容，不再以推荐意见形式出现。根据最新的研究结果，对少数推荐意见强度及证据级别进行了调整。少数内容类似的推荐意见进行了整合。（8）有关咳嗽诊断流程、诱导痰细胞学检查、食管反流监测、咳嗽激发试验、咳嗽程度评估等内容统一放在 附件1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 。
指南设有专有名词英文缩写中英文对照表以便读者阅读，具体见 表1 。
英文缩写 英文全称 中文
AC atopic cough 变应性咳嗽
AET acid exposure time 酸暴露时间
ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor 血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂
CCIQ chronic cough impact questionnaire 慢性咳嗽影响问卷
CET cough evaluation test 简易咳嗽程度评分表
CQLQ cough-specific quality of life questionnaire 咳嗽专用生活质量问卷
CVA cough variant asthma 咳嗽变异性哮喘
CPA cough predominant asthma 咳嗽优势型哮喘
DTT dithiothreitol 二硫苏糖醇
EB eosinophilic bronchitis 嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎
FeNO fractional exhaled nitric oxide 呼出气一氧化氮
FEV 1 forced expiratory volume in first second 第一秒用力呼气容积
GERC gastroesophageal reflux-related cough 胃食管反流性咳嗽
GERD gastroesophageal reflux disease 胃食管反流病
GerdQ gastroesophageal reflux disease questionnaire 胃食管反流病问卷
HARQ Hull airway reflux questionnaire Hull气道反流问卷
ICS inhaled corticosteroid 吸入性糖皮质激素
LCQ Leicester cough questionnaire 莱切斯特咳嗽问卷
LABA long-acting β 2-agonist 长效β 2受体激动剂
LAMA long-acting muscarinic antagonist 长效毒蕈碱拮抗剂
OSA obstructive sleep apnea 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停
PBB protracted bacterial bronchitis 迁延性细菌性支气管炎
PIB protracted infectious bronchitis 迁延性感染性支气管炎
PEF peak expiratory flow 呼气峰流量
PIC postinfectious cough 感染后咳嗽
PNDS postnasal drip syndrome 鼻后滴流综合征
PPI proton pump inhibitor 质子泵抑制剂
SAP symptom association probability 症状相关概率
SPT skin prick test 皮肤点刺试验
TRP transient receptor potential 瞬时受体电位通道蛋白
TRPA1 transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 瞬时受体电位锚蛋白亚型1
TRPV1 transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 瞬时受体电位香草酸亚型1
UACS upper airway cough syndrome 上气道咳嗽综合征
VAS visual analogue scale 视觉模拟评分
专有名词英文缩写中英对照表
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附录
附件1 急性咳嗽病因诊断流程
附件2 亚急性咳嗽病因诊断流程
附件3 慢性咳嗽病因诊断流程

注：（1）ACEI：血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂；FeNO：呼出气一氧化氮；UACS：上气道咳嗽综合征；PNDS：鼻后滴流综合征；CVA：咳嗽变异性哮喘；EB：嗜酸粒细胞性支气管炎；纤支镜：纤维支气管镜；SPT：变应原皮试；IgE：免疫球蛋白E；GERC：胃食管反流性咳嗽；AC：变应性咳嗽。（2）虚线表示，对于经济条件受限或普通基层医院的患者，可根据病史和咳嗽相关症状，进行经验性治疗。如果经验治疗无效，则应及时到有条件的医院进行检查诊断，以免延误病情。（3） aPEF周平均变异率＞10%，或支气管舒张试验阳性亦可作为诊断标准。其他：包括少见与罕见病因慢性咳嗽、不明原因慢性咳嗽、难治性慢性咳嗽等。

附件4 高渗盐水雾化诱导痰细胞学检查方法

通过雾化吸入高渗盐水诱导患者咳出痰液，以检测痰液的炎症细胞总数及细胞分类结果，明确患者气道炎症类型和程度，协助诊治及预后观察。

高渗盐水雾化方法可采用单一浓度法（NaCl溶液浓度：3.0%或4.5%）或梯度浓度法（NaCl溶液浓度：3%、4%、5%），重症哮喘或儿童患者可采用生理盐水雾化以减少不良反应。临床使用推荐采用单一浓度法进行超声雾化。

试剂：高渗盐水，0.1%二硫苏糖醇（dithiothreitol, DTT）及苏木素-伊红或Diff-Quik染色液等。

检测仪器：超声雾化器或压缩雾化器、水浴箱、漩涡或水平振荡器、低速离心机、细胞离心涂片机和正置光学显微镜等。

操作方法：

1. 高渗盐水雾化：（1）单一浓度法：①诱导前10 min让患者吸入沙丁胺醇400 μg，告知患者检查的注意事项及配合方法。②10 min后清水漱口、擤鼻。③高渗盐水（3.0%或4.5%）雾化吸入10 min，漱口、擤鼻后主动用力咳痰至培养皿。④若患者无痰或痰量不足则重复步骤③，直至咳出足量合格痰标本或雾化总时间达30 min时均终止雾化。（2）梯度浓度法：①诱导前10 min让患者吸入沙丁胺醇400 μg，告知患者检查的注意事项及配合方法。②10 min后清水漱口、擤鼻。③3%高渗盐水雾化吸入15 min，漱口、擤鼻后主动用力咳痰至培养皿。④若患者无痰或痰量不足则换用4%高渗盐水继续雾化8 min。⑤若患者无痰或痰量不足则换用5%高渗盐水继续雾化7 min后终止诱导程序。⑥雾化期间如患者咳出足量合格痰标本或雾化总时间达30 min时均终止雾化。教会患者主动用力深咳及检查人员给予叩背排痰均能有效提高诱导成功率。

2. 痰液处理及检测：痰液咳出后，检查人员应立即用尖嘴镊子挑取合格痰标本，挑取标本时推荐在显微镜下选取白细胞聚集而鳞状上皮细胞少的痰标本，条件不具备时，可挑取肉眼下密度较高、不透明的痰栓，并去除透明清亮的唾液。标本应及时进行处理，4 ℃存放不应超过3 h。处理时视痰标本黏稠度加入2~4倍体积的0.1%的DTT充分混合室温下裂解15 min，液化痰液，37 ℃水浴和水平温和震荡可提高液化效果，液化完成后的痰液用48 μm滤膜/300目尼龙滤网过滤杂质，滤液以常温离心10 min（1 200× g），弃上清液后磷酸盐缓冲液（PBS）重悬沉淀细胞，血细胞计数板计数痰细胞总数，细胞悬液可进行手工涂片或利用细胞离心涂片机进行制片，细胞涂片自然风干，甲醛等固定液中固定。固定后进行HE染色或Diff-Quik染色，光镜下对400个以上的炎症细胞（中性粒细胞、嗜酸粒细胞、巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞）和气道上皮细胞进行分类计数，结果以各种细胞的百分比来显示。

注意事项：（1）如患者可自行咳出合格痰标本（鳞状上皮细胞/全部痰细胞的比例<30%），则无需进行高渗盐水雾化。（2）重症哮喘、哮喘急性发作或慢阻肺急性发作的患者需联合肺功能及临床症状综合判断是否适合进行高渗盐水雾化。当患者第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV 1）占预计值%<60%或经皮血氧饱和度（SpO 2）<90%或喘息症状、呼吸困难明显时，建议让患者自然咳痰或行生理盐水雾化诱导。（3）实验室须备有哮喘急性发作等不良反应的抢救指引、设备和药物，雾化过程中密切观察患者表现，监测患者的血氧饱和度及肺功能情况。（4）激素类、抗过敏药、茶碱等药物可能会对检查结果造成影响，需要停药3 d以上，但在观察治疗随访效果时，检查期间可不停药。

质控要求：符合以下要求是检验诱导痰细胞学检查合格与否的关键点。（1）不同疾病的患者主动咳痰成功率存在差异，但经高渗盐水雾化后诱导痰标本的留取成功率应>80%。（2）痰细胞活力应>75%。（3）镜下的细胞涂片中痰细胞应分布均匀、不聚集，且细胞的形态与完整性良好。（4）细胞涂片中鳞状上皮细胞占总体细胞的比例应<30%。

禁忌证：（1）近期有活动性咯血者。（2）气胸或纵隔气肿。（3）各种原因引起的大量胸腔积液或心包积液。（4）严重心功能不全。（5）呼吸系统传染病。

附件5 食管反流监测方法

食管反流监测作为GERD检测的金标准，在临床上具有不可替代的作用。

监测设备：包括监测导管（pH值监测导管、阻抗-pH值监测导管）、便携式监测记录仪和数据处理系统3个部分。

一、检查前准备

（一）患者准备

1. 检查前需停用抗酸药>1 d，停用促胃动力药和H 2受体拮抗剂≥3 d，停用抑酸药物（PPI、钾离子竞争性酸阻滞剂）≥7 d。若患者既往未明确诊断GERD，建议停用抑酸药物，行食管反流监测；若患者已确诊GERD，为明确抑酸剂治疗失败的原因，可在服用抑酸剂的情况下行食管反流监测。

2.检查前禁食6~8 h。

3.检查前需向患者了解相关病史，回顾检查前的上消化道造影和胃镜检查，了解是否存在解剖异常，排除禁忌证。然后向患者充分说明检查步骤、检查的意义和安全性，消除患者恐惧感，取得患者配合并签署知情同意书。

（二）仪器准备

检查前，将电极导管和便携式记录仪连接好后开启记录仪，对导管电极进行校正。校正完毕后，在记录仪上输入患者资料，并为记录仪按键定义患者的主诉症状，一般记录发作性症状（如烧心、反酸、胸痛、嗳气、咳嗽等）的发作情况。

二、检查过程和操作方法

（1）受检者取坐位，选择通气较好的一侧鼻腔进行置管，置管前可采用表面麻醉剂麻醉受检侧鼻孔的鼻黏膜。（2）在患者配合下，将导管经鼻送入食管，将pH电极置于距食管下括约肌上缘口侧5 cm处。电极的定位方法推荐使用食管测压法，如不具备条件，可采用pH梯度法或X线透视法。（3）确定pH电极的放置位置后，用胶布将导管固定于患者面颊部，嘱受检者佩戴好记录仪。（4）建议置管后30 min开始监测，监测时长应尽量达到24 h，最短不可<16 h，其中日间监测时间不可<10 h。监测期间，患者保持日常活动和进餐，但不得洗澡，禁食酸性或碱性食物和刺激性食物，禁饮酸性饮料、果汁和刺激性饮品。患者需正确按压记录仪的信号按钮并记录下饮食及平卧的时间和出现咳嗽、胸闷、恶心等相关症状的准确时间。（5）受检患者完成监测后回医院拔管，将记录仪中的数据上传至计算机，通过专门的分析软件进行分析。

检测结果分析：分析内容包括反流物的性质（液体、气体或混合性)、酸碱度（酸性、弱酸性或非酸性)、次数，食团清除时间、食团暴露时间和食管酸清除时间以及症状-反流相关性评价等参数的测量和计算。AET≥4% 或DeMeester评分≥14.72时提示食管存在病理性酸暴露。2018年胃食管反流病里昂共识提出 ［ 431 ］ ，总反流次数<40次可排除GERD的可能，总反流次数>80次为支持GERD的辅助诊断证据，但不推荐单纯依靠该指标诊断GERD。SAP≥95%为阳性，提示症状与反流相关的可能性大。

适应证：（1）需明确症状或食管黏膜损伤是否与反流相关。（2）具有反流相关症状，但抑酸剂治疗效果不佳。（3）评估反流的严重程度，以指导患者用药和预测疗效。（4）胃食管手术相关的评估。（5）功能性胃肠病的鉴别。

禁忌证：（1）鼻咽部或食管存在解剖结构明显异常的患者。（2）无法耐受导管的患者，这类患者可考虑换用无线pH值监测。（3）患有精神心理疾病或意识不清无法合作者，以及自行拔管不配合检查的患者。（4）严重凝血功能障碍、重度食管静脉曲张、心肺功能不全者，应慎重进行检查。

附件6 咳嗽激发试验方法

咳嗽激发试验是利用物理或化学刺激作用于气道咳嗽感受器，引起神经冲动，诱发机体产生咳嗽。通过比较刺激因素的强度（浓度、剂量等）或者咳嗽反应情况（次数、出现时间等），评价咳嗽敏感性的高低。

临床常用的化学性刺激的咳嗽激发试验是通过雾化方式使受试者吸入定量的咳嗽激发剂气雾溶胶颗粒，诱发其产生咳嗽，以吸入后患者咳嗽≥5次的最低激发浓度（C 5）来表示咳嗽的敏感性。常用的激发剂包括辣椒素、柠檬酸、肉桂醛等，以下以辣椒素为例进行说明。

激发剂配制：将辣椒素溶解于Tween 80液和无水乙醇中，再溶于8 ml 0.9%NaCl溶液，配成0.01 mol/L原液。使用前用生理盐水进行倍比稀释，浓度为1.95、3.9、7.8、15.6、31.2、62.5、125、250、500、1 000 μmol/L。

测定仪器：采用吸气触发的定量吸入装置。压缩空气流速为0.11 L/s，总输出量约为160 mg/min（以生理盐水作标准），单次吸入时间为0.5 s。嘱受试者由残气位缓慢吸气至肺总量位，在吸气上半段定量吸入辣椒素雾化溶液。

操作方法：（1）先吸入雾化生理盐水作为基础对照。（2）随后由最低浓度（1.95 μmol/L）起吸入雾化辣椒素溶液，记录30 s内咳嗽的次数。若不能达到C 5标准，再进行下一个浓度的吸入，每次递增浓度1倍。（3）达到C 5标准时终止试验，该浓度就是其咳嗽的阈值。如果浓度达到1 000 μmol/L，受试者还没出现C 5时，应终止试验，其阈值浓度记为>1 000 μmol/L。若患者出现明显不适感时（如剧烈胸骨后烧灼感、气促、呼吸困难等），也应立即终止试验。

注意事项：（1）试验所用的激发剂溶液须新鲜配制。（2）具有以下情况者不宜进行本试验：孕妇、哮喘急性发作、气胸、近期咯血及严重心脏疾病等患者。（3）在整个过程中受试者应处于平静状态。在吸入刺激物后不要进行说话等有可能会影响咳嗽的行为。

附件7 咳嗽程度评分表（CET）

请阅读以下问题，并根据您目前的咳嗽情况在相应的地方打√

问题条目 无 很少 有一些 经常 频繁
1.您白天有咳嗽吗？ a 1 2 3 4 5
2.您会因咳嗽而影响睡眠吗？ 1 2 3 4 5
3.您有剧烈咳嗽吗？ 1 2 3 4 5
4.您会因咳嗽影响工作、学习和日常活动吗？ 1 2 3 4 5
5.您会因咳嗽而焦虑吗？ 1 2 3 4 5
附件8 莱彻斯特咳嗽生活质量问卷（LCQ）中文版

1. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽而感到胸痛或腹痛吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

2. 在最近的2周里，您曾被咳痰困扰吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

3. 在最近的2周里，您曾因咳嗽而觉得疲倦乏力吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

4. 在最近的2周里，您能控制您的咳嗽吗？①从来没有②几乎不 ③偶尔能 ④有时能 ⑤经常可以 ⑥大部分时间可以 ⑦一直可以

5. 在最近的2周里，您曾因咳嗽而觉得尴尬难堪吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

6. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽而感到焦虑吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

7. 在最近的2周里，您的学习、工作或其他计划受到咳嗽的影响吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

8. 在最近的2周里，您的休闲或娱乐受到咳嗽的影响吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

9. 在最近的2周里，您曾因闻到油漆、灰尘、烟雾等刺激气味而咳嗽吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

10. 在最近的2周里，您的睡眠受到咳嗽的干扰吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

11. 在最近的2周里，您每天都有阵发性的咳嗽吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

12. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽而觉得失落或沮丧吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

13. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽而感到厌烦吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

14. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽而声音嘶哑吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

15. 在最近的2周里，您觉得精力充沛吗？①从来没有②几乎不会 ③偶尔会 ④有时会 ⑤经常会 ⑥大部分时间会 ⑦一直都是

16. 在最近的2周里，您会担心咳嗽暗示着某些严重疾病吗？①一直都是②大部分时间会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

17. 在最近的2周里，您会担心别人认为您有病吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

18. 在最近的2周里，您会因咳嗽中断谈话或电话交谈吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

19. 在最近的2周里，您觉得咳嗽干扰了你的同学、朋友或家人吗？①一直都是②大部分时间都会 ③经常会 ④有时会 ⑤偶尔会 ⑥几乎不会 ⑦从来没有

指南修订专家组成员（按姓氏拼音排序）：

郝创利（苏州大学附属儿童医院）、黄克武（首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院）、江梅（广州医科大学附属第一医院）、赖克方（广州医科大学附属第一医院）、刘恩梅（重庆医科大学附属儿童医院）、刘辉国（华中科技大学同济医院）、罗炜（广州医科大学附属第一医院）、邱忠民（同济大学附属同济医院）、沈华浩（浙江大学医学院附属第二医院）、史利卿（北京中医药大学东方医院）、孙铁英（北京医院）、王刚（四川大学华西医院）、吴继敏（火箭军特色医学中心）、肖英莲（中山大学附属第一医院）、徐睿（中山大学附属第一医院）、张旻（上海交通大学附属第一人民医院）、张纾难（中日友好医院）、钟南山（广州医科大学附属第一医院）

指南方法学组：江梅、罗炜、易芳

秘书组：易芳、华雯、陈如冲

资深专家评阅组（按姓氏拼音排序）：

陈萍（解放军北部战区总医院）、林江涛（中日友好医院）、王长征（陆军军医大学第二附属医院）、张罗（首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院）、钟南山（广州医科大学附属第一医院）、周新（上海交通大学附属第一人民医院）

文献检索人员（按姓氏拼音排序）：

白逸晨、包婺平、陈德华、陈松锋、党向阳、冯晓凯、冯紫恩、李周杨、林明通、刘健男、刘美杉、刘威、马建岭、潘亦林、唐雨一、田书瑞、王昌勇、王霁、翁剑真、吴燕萍、向科衡、肖锶瑶、徐镶怀、许婷婷、叶朦涵、余莉、于兴梅、于洋、张丽、张梦宇、张维毅、周灵

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A
赖克方，广州医科大学附属第一医院呼吸与危重症医学科 国家呼吸医学中心 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心 呼吸疾病国家重点实验室 广州呼吸健康研究院，广州510120，Email： mocdef.3ab61ialk
B

中华医学会呼吸病学分会哮喘学组. 咳嗽的诊断与治疗指南（2021）[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2022, 45(1): 13-46. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20211101-00759.

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