综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
病毒感染后咳嗽发病机制的研究进展
李凤英
邓政
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210610-00415
Progress in the pathogenesis of post-infectious persistent cough
Li Fengying
Deng Zheng
Authors Info & Affiliations
Li Fengying
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
Deng Zheng
Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Center for Respiratory Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210610-00415
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摘要

呼吸道病毒感染是急性咳嗽的常见原因。但是在病因清除及发热、鼻塞、流涕等症状缓解后,仍有部分患者存在持续的咳嗽,表明呼吸道病毒可能会介导咳嗽的敏感性增高,导致亚急性或慢性咳嗽的发生。病毒感染后的咳嗽反应是防止病毒从上呼吸道传播到其他部位的保护性策略,但过度咳嗽就成为了一种疾病。本文介绍了呼吸道病毒感染后亚急性或慢性咳嗽发生的病理生理机制,并探讨了相关研究进展。

ABSTRACT

Respiratory viral infection is a common cause of acute cough. After the cause has been cleared and the symptoms such as fever, nasal congestion and runny nose have been relieved, some patients still have persistent cough. These phenomena indicate that respiratory viruses may mediate cough hypersensitivity and lead to the occurrence of sub-acute or chronic cough. Cough response to viral infection is a protective strategy to prevent the spread of the viruses from the upper respiratory tract to other sites, but excessive coughing becomes a disease. In this review, we introduced the research progress in the pathophysiological mechanism of post-viral persistent cough or chronic cough.

Deng Zheng, Email: mocdef.6ab210002gnehzgned
引用本文

李凤英,邓政. 病毒感染后咳嗽发病机制的研究进展[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2022,45(02):213-217.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210610-00415

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当呼吸道病毒感染本身急性期症状消失后,咳嗽仍然迁延不愈,临床上称为病毒感染后咳嗽。多表现为刺激性干咳或咳少量白色黏液痰,通常持续3~8周,为亚急性咳嗽,部分患者持续时间超过8周,称为慢性咳嗽。引起感染后咳嗽的常见呼吸道病毒有鼻病毒、呼吸道合胞病毒、冠状病毒、流感病毒与副流感病毒等。病毒感染后咳嗽具有一定的自限性。约81%的急性上呼吸道病毒感染患者有咳嗽症状,69%的患者咳嗽比其他感染症状持续时间长,其他感染症状消失后咳嗽持续的时间超过4周的患者比例达4% 1。呼吸道病毒感染主要引起机体免疫反应,炎症细胞释放炎性介质,直接或间接影响外周和中枢的调控机制,从而出现咳嗽频率增加和敏感性增强。咳嗽高敏患者存在特征性触发因素,主要表现为气道感觉神经感知气道刺激的阈值降低及咳嗽敏感性增高的一种超敏状态,诸如环境温度变化、深呼吸、大笑、交谈、闻香水或吃易碎的干粮等均可触发咳嗽 2。病毒感染后咳嗽是排除性诊断,在发病初期有明确的呼吸道感染病史,行胸部X线及肺通气功能检查未见异常及诱导痰中嗜酸粒细胞比例正常,并且排除其他引起咳嗽的病因后诊断成立。对于一般患者可酌情给予对症处理,咳嗽程度严重者可适当给予非特异性镇咳治疗以避免生活质量的严重影响或并发症的发生。随着对咳嗽机制的认识不断加深,加巴喷丁与阿米替林等神经调节剂的使用越来越广泛,以及针对各个咳嗽通路的药物研发已成为新的热点。由此可见,即使病毒感染的诱因明确,咳嗽在经历各种治疗手段后可能效果欠佳,甚至进展为难治性慢性咳嗽,说明病毒介导的亚急性和慢性咳嗽是一个复杂的病理生理过程,亟需阐明其机制才能制定切实有效的治疗方案。
病毒感染后咳嗽高敏的机制主要包括外周神经与中枢神经的咳嗽敏感性增高。本文主要从这两个方面展开阐述。
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备注信息
A
邓政,Email: mocdef.6ab210002gnehzgned
B

李凤英, 邓政. 病毒感染后咳嗽发病机制的研究进展[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2022, 45(2): 213-217. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210610-00415.

C
所有作者声明无利益冲突
D
国家自然科学基金 (81970013)
广州市科技计划项目 (202002030151)
广东省钟南山医学基金会 (ZNSA-2020003)
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