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调节性T细胞在调控抗结核免疫过程中的研究进展
李浩然
姚丛
李珊珊
王伟
逄宇
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210830-00609
Progress of regulatory T cells in the regulation of anti-tuberculosis immunity
Li Haoran
Yao Cong
Li Shanshan
Wang Wei
Pang Yu
Authors Info & Affiliations
Li Haoran
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
Yao Cong
Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
Li Shanshan
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
Wang Wei
Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
Pang Yu
Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 101149, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210830-00609
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摘要

结核分枝杆菌（MTB）作为一种胞内寄生菌，主要通过飞沫传播侵入人体，可导致人体多器官感染从而引起机体产生以T细胞为主导的抗结核免疫应答。调节性T细胞（Treg细胞）作为一类负向调节机体免疫反应的T淋巴细胞亚群，在宿主抗结核免疫中发挥着调控免疫平衡的重要作用。大量研究表明MTB特异性Treg细胞影响着结核病的发生、发展以及疫苗的效能。因此，阐明MTB特异性Treg细胞的抗结核免疫应答的作用及调控机制将有助于进一步揭示宿主抗MTB免疫细胞功能降低的机制，可为结核病的免疫治疗研究提供依据。本文简要介绍了Treg细胞的亚型与功能，对其在结核病领域的研究进展进行了综述。

ABSTRACT

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), as an intracellular parasitic bacterium, invades the human body mainly through droplets, which can lead to multiple organ infection, causing the body to produce T cell-dominated immunity to tuberculosis (TB). Regulatory T cells (Tregs), as a class of T lymphocyte subsets that negatively regulate the immune response of the body, play an important role in regulating immune balance in host anti-tuberculosis immunity. A large number of studies have shown that MTB-specific Tregs affects the occurrence and development of tuberculosis and the efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, elucidating the role and regulatory mechanism underlying anti-MTB immune response of MTB-specific Tregs will help to further understanding of the decrease of host anti-MTB immune cell function, and provide a basis for the study of immunotherapy of TB. This paper briefly introduces the subtypes and functions of Tregs, and systematically reviews the research progress of Tregs in many fields of TB.

Wang Wei, Email: mocdef.nabuyila010iewgnaw
Pang Yu, Email: mocdef.3ab61dnuopuygnap

Li Haoran and Yao Cong contributed equally to the article

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引用本文

李浩然,姚丛,李珊珊,等. 调节性T细胞在调控抗结核免疫过程中的研究进展[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志,2022,45(05)：502-509.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210830-00609

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结核分枝杆菌（ Mycobacterium tuberculosis，MTB）作为一种胞内寄生菌，主要通过飞沫传播侵入人体，可导致人体多器官感染从而引起结核病 ［ 1 ］ 。约90%的MTB感染者为潜伏性结核感染（latent tuberculosis infection，LTBI），长期带菌，自身无症状但也无法彻底清除病原体，但当宿主免疫功能受损时，可快速发展为具有临床症状的结核病患者 ［ 2 ］ 。细胞介导的免疫应答在抗结核感染中发挥着重要作用 ［ 3 ］ 。T 细胞、自然杀伤细胞、巨噬细胞等免疫细胞，以及γ-干扰素（interferon γ，IFN-γ）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor alpha，TNF-α）和一氧化氮（NO）等效应分子均为该保护性免疫应答的关键组分，其中CD4 +T 细胞在宿主抗结核病感染免疫中的作用尤为重要 ［ 4 ］ 。当MTB侵入人体后，机体将调动这些关键组分进行杀伤清除并抑制其播散 ［ 5 ］ 。与此同时，Treg细胞迅速抑制效应性T细胞的激活和扩张，并使促炎细胞因子失效，从而阻止免疫介导性损伤，维持免疫稳态。发挥免疫抑制作用的Treg细胞可分为两类：由胸腺中发育成熟产生的自然调节性T细胞（natural Treg cell，nTreg）；CD4 +T细胞在外周被转化生长因子-β（transforming growth factor-β，TGF-β）及白细胞介素（IL）-2等细胞因子诱导产生的适应性调节性T细胞（induced Treg cell，iTreg） ［ 6 ］ 。两者在MTB感染过程中直接或间接地抑制机体的免疫应答，甚至使免疫细胞功能失活，使其可在机体内存活和增殖，达到免疫逃逸的目的，但体内免疫稳态的破坏或Treg/Teff比率的失衡均可能导致慢性炎症或自身免疫病的产生 ［ 7 ］ 。本文将从综述Treg细胞在调控抗结核免疫过程中的研究进展。
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李浩然, 姚丛, 李珊珊, 等. 调节性T细胞在调控抗结核免疫过程中的研究进展[J]. 中华结核和呼吸杂志, 2022, 45(5): 502-509. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20210830-00609.

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