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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
MicroRNA与白内障发病相关性的研究进展
蒲雅迪
李元彬 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200413-00255
Research progress of correlation between microRNA and the pathogenesis of cataract
Pu Yadi
Li Yuanbin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Pu Yadi
Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
Li Yuanbin
Department of Ophthalmology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200413-00255
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摘要

微小RNA(miRNA)是一种非编码小分子RNA，可以特异性结合目标mRNA的3'非翻译区，从而诱导目标mRNA降解或抑制其翻译，最终影响细胞增生、分化以及凋亡等重要的生物学过程。白内障是全球首位致盲眼病，是一种由晶状体混浊引起的视力下降疾病，包括年龄相关性白内障、糖尿病性白内障、先天性白内障及后发性白内障。近年来研究发现，多种miRNA在晶状体组织中表达，影响晶状体上皮细胞的增生、迁移、上皮-间质转化及凋亡，参与不同类型白内障的发生及发展。本文就不同miRNA在各类型白内障中作用机制的研究进展进行综述，从而为白内障的防治提供新的思路与方法。

非编码RNA;微小RNA;白内障;晶状体上皮细胞
ABSTRACT

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a kind of small non-coding RNA, which can specifically bind to the 3' untranslated region of the target RNA, inducing the degradation or inhibiting the translation of the target mRNA, and ultimately affecting the important biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.Cataract, a leading blinding eye disease in the world, is a kind of disease that causes blindness because of lens opacification, including age-related cataracts, diabetic cataracts, congenital cataracts and posterior capsule opacification.In recent years, it has been found that many kinds of miRNA are expressed in lens and participate in the development of cataract, having significant influences on the proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition and apoptosis of lens epithelial cells, and take part in the occurrence and development of cataracts.The advances of different miRNAs in cataract were reviewed in this article so as to provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of cataract.

Non-coding RNA;MicroRNA;Cataract;Epithelial cells, lens
Li Yuanbin, Email: tendef.habaeyilnibnauy
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引用本文

蒲雅迪,李元彬. MicroRNA与白内障发病相关性的研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(05)：475-480.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200413-00255

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微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)是一种长度约22个核苷酸的非编码小分子RNA。自1993年在线虫( C.elegans)的发育中发现lin-4 miRNA，目前在不同的物种中已发现了数千个miRNA，并且这个数目将继续增加 [ 1 , 2 ]。大多数miRNA以单拷贝、多拷贝或基因簇的形式存在于基因组中；成熟的miRNA由较长的初级转录物经过一系列核酸酶的剪切加工而产生，随后组装进RNA诱导的沉默复合体，通过碱基互补配对方式识别靶mRNA，并根据不同的互补程度指导沉默复合体降解靶mRNA或者阻遏靶mRNA的翻译 [ 3 ]。miRNA失调与许多疾病有关，如各种癌症、心血管疾病和神经退行性疾病。miRNA的遗传变异也与一些遗传性疾病有关，包括听力损失和生长缺陷等。鉴于miRNA在生物学上的重要性，其目前被认为是疾病新的生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点 [ 1 ]。白内障是导致有用视力丧失的常见原因之一，是目前全球范围内居首位的致盲眼病 [ 4 ]。根据其病因，白内障可分为年龄相关性白内障、糖尿病性白内障、先天性白内障、后发性白内障(posterior capsule opacification，PCO)、药物性白内障等 [ 5 ]。近年来越来越多的研究证实miRNA与白内障发病机制的关系，现就其相关性作一综述。
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