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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
深圳市小学生视力不良流行现状及其地域空间特征分析
牟敬锋
刘美洲
严宗辉
邓宏伟
钟灏晞
帅心怡
张少冲
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201015-00694
Prevalence and spatial characteristics of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen
Mu Jingfeng
Liu Meizhou
Yan Zonghui
Deng Hongwei
Zhong Haoxi
Shuai Xinyi
Zhang Shaochong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Mu Jingfeng
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Liu Meizhou
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Yan Zonghui
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Deng Hongwei
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Zhong Haoxi
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Shuai Xinyi
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Zhang Shaochong
Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Shenzhen Eye Hospital Affiliated to Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201015-00694
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摘要

目的分析深圳市小学生视力不良流行现状及其地域空间分布特征。

方法采用横断面研究方法，由深圳市儿童青少年近视防控中心组织视力筛查联盟医院于2019年采用对数视力表对深圳市10个行政区全部在校1~6年级小学生进行视力检查，计算不同行政区、不同性别和年级学生视力不良患病率，并采用Arcgis10.2软件对小学生视力不良患病率进行空间特征分析。

结果共对1 044 545名小学生进行了视力检查，发现总体视力不良患病率为53.4%(557 748/1 044 545)，原特区内小学生视力不良患病率为56.7%(172 771/304 532)，高于原特区外的52.0%(384 977/740 013)，差异有统计学意义( χ 2＝192.412， P<0.001)；女生视力不良患病率为56.7%(268 201/473 164)，高于男生的50.7%(289 547/571 381)，差异有统计学意义( χ 2＝375.434， P<0.001)；随年级的升高，深圳市小学生视力不良患病率先降低再升高，大体呈升高趋势，1~6年级学生视力不良患病率分别为49.8%(99 615/200 203)、44.0%(86 521/196 800)、47.2%(82 848/175 331)、54.5%(89 737/164 731)、60.8%(96 271/158 298)和68.9%(102 756/149 182)，差异有统计学意义( χ 2＝2 871.017， P<0.001)。深圳市小学生视力不良患病率全局空间自相关 Moran I指数为0.278，深圳市光明区小学生视力不良患病率局部空间自相关 Moran I指数为0.933，局部 Geary系数为0.78，光明区及周边区域小学生视力不良患病率呈现低-低值聚集。

结论深圳市小学生视力不良患病率存在空间聚集性。

学生;视力筛查;流行病调查;视力不良;空间自相关;中国
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo analyze the prevalence of poor vision and spatial distribution characteristics among primary school students in Shenzhen.

MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted.Vision screening among primary school students in Shenzhen was carried out by myopia screening hospitals organized by Shenzhen Myopia Prevention and Control Center for Children and Adolescents using the logarithmic visual acuity chart in 2019.The prevalence of poor vision in different districts, different genders and different grades was calculated.Spatial distribution of the prevalence of poor vision was analyzed with Arcgis 10.2 software.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.Written informed consent was obtained from guardian of each subject.The study protocol was approved by an Ethics Committee of Shenzhen Eye Hospital (No.20201230-06).

ResultsA total of 1 044 545 students received the visual acuity examination.The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen in 2019 was 53.4%(557 748/1 044 545). The prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in the former Shenzhen Special Economic Zone was 56.7%(172 771/304 532), which was higher than 52.0%(384 977/740 013) in areas outside the former Shenzhen Special Economic Zone, and the prevalence of poor vision among girls was 56.7%(268 201/473 164), which was higher than 50.7%(289 547/571 381) among boys, and the differences were statistically significant ( χ 2=192.412, 375.434; both at P<0.001). As the grade increased, the prevalence of poor vision firstly decreased and then increased, showing an increasing tendency in general.The prevalence rate of poor vision among primary school students among grade 1 to 6 was 49.8%(99 615/200 203), 44.0%(86 521/196 800), 47.2%(82 848/175 331), 54.5%(89 737/164 731), 60.8%(96 271/158 298), and 68.9%(102 756/149 182), respectively, and a significant difference was found ( χ 2=2 871.017, P<0.001). The global Moran I index in Shenzhen was 0.278.The local Moran I index and Geary coefficient in Guangming District were 0.933 and 0.78, respectively.The prevalence of poor vision in Guangming District and its surrounding areas was a low-low cluster.

ConclusionsThe prevalence of poor vision among primary school students in Shenzhen is spatially aggregated.

Students;Vision screening;Epidemiologic studies;Poor vision;Spatial autocorrelation;China
Zhang Shaochong, Email: mocdef.cabozzggnohcoahsgnahz

Mu Jingfeng and Liu Meizhou contributed equally to this article

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引用本文

牟敬锋,刘美洲,严宗辉,等. 深圳市小学生视力不良流行现状及其地域空间特征分析[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(06)：556-561.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201015-00694

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视力不良又称视力低下，主要由各类屈光不正或一系列眼部疾病引起，是全球多个国家和地区儿童和青少年的常见病 [ 1 ]。近年来，我国中小学生视力不良患病率逐年上升，低龄化趋势明显 [ 2 ]。视力不良是全球关注的健康问题，给社会带来较大的经济负担 [ 3 ]，也是儿童和青少年面临的主要健康问题。我国中小学生视力不良检出率为53.82% [ 4 ]。视力不良是全球面临的公共卫生问题，尤其在东南亚国家更加严重 [ 5 ]。视力不良不仅可导致学生学习能力下降，还可对心理健康产生影响 [ 6 ]。以往研究均采用抽样方法调查深圳市小学生视力不良流行特征，2011年抽样研究发现深圳市小学生视力不良患病率为47.5% [ 7 ]，目前尚无深圳市小学生视力不良普查的相关报道。空间自相关主要用于分析空间相邻位置的变量相关性，是空间变异分析的重要方法，在医学领域常用于疾病空间聚集性分析，检验健康数据在空间分布上是否具有相关性 [ 8 ]。本研究拟采用普查方法对2019年深圳市小学生视力进行检查，分析视力不良流行现状及其地区空间分布特征，探讨空间因素对小学生视力的影响，为我国视力不良干预措施的制定提供参考依据。
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备注信息
A
张少冲，Email： mocdef.cabozzggnohcoahsgnahz
B

牟敬锋和刘美洲对本文有同等贡献

C

牟敬锋：参与选题和研究设计、实施研究、数据分析、论文撰写及修改；刘美洲：实施研究、数据采集和对文章知识性内容的审核；严宗辉、邓宏伟：参与选题、酝酿和设计试验；钟灏晞、帅心怡：实施研究、采集和分析/解释数据；张少冲：研究设计和实施、数据审核和分析、文章智力性内容的修改及定稿

D
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
E
深圳市医疗卫生三名工程项目 (SZSM202011015)
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