目的观察视网膜中央静脉阻塞(CRVO)继发黄斑水肿(ME)患者黄斑区微血管结构变化。
方法采用横断面研究方法，纳入2017年11月至2019年3月在重庆医科大学附属第二医院眼科检查确诊的单眼CRVO继发ME患者15例30眼，同时纳入年龄和性别匹配的健康受试者15人15眼作为正常对照组。所有受试者均行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜联合前置镜、彩色眼底照相、光相干断层扫描(OCT)检查。采用光相干断层扫描血管成像(OCTA)仪扫描黄斑区3 mm×3 mm范围，测量黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度(CMT)、黄斑中心凹无血管区(FAZ)面积、FAZ周长、非圆度指数(AI)、中心凹浅层视网膜毛细血管丛(SCP)血流密度、中心凹深层视网膜毛细血管丛(DCP)血流密度。比较患眼与对侧健眼对应参数及患眼和对侧健眼与正常对照组眼参数；采用Pearson线性相关分析评估患眼BCVA、CMT与黄斑区微血管结构各参数间的相关性。
结果与对侧健眼比较，患眼FAZ面积和FAZ周长增加，AI、SCP和DCP血流密度降低，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.01)。与正常对照组比较，患眼FAZ面积和FAZ周长增加，AI、SCP和DCP血流密度降低，对侧健眼AI和DCP血流密度降低，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。Pearson相关分析结果显示，患眼BCVA(LogMAR视力)与FAZ面积和FAZ周长呈明显正相关( r＝0.614、0.609，均 P<0.05)，与AI、SCP血流密度呈负相关( r＝-0.517、-0.593，均 P<0.05)；CMT与FAZ面积、FAZ周长呈明显正相关( r＝0.523、0.610，均 P<0.05)，与AI、SCP血流密度呈负相关( r＝-0.537、-0.608，均 P<0.05)。
结论CRVO继发ME患眼黄斑血管特征性改变为中心凹区毛细血管减少所致血流量减少，且其对侧健眼也存在相应的血流量改变；患眼ME程度及视力损害程度与黄斑中心凹形态破坏程度及黄斑中心凹血流量相关。
ObjectiveTo explore the microvasculature changes in macular area of central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) patients with macular edema (ME).
MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted.Fifteen patients with monocular ME secondary to CRVO (30 eyes) and 15 age- and gender-matched normal subjects (15 eyes) were enrolled in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University from November 2017 to March 2019.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscope with pre-set lens, color fundus photography and optical coherence tomography (OCT) were performed in all subjects.The central macular thickness (CMT), foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, FAZ perimeter, acircularity index (AI), vessel density of superficial retinal capillary plexus (SCP) and deep retinal capillary plexus (DCP) in 3 mm×3 mm macular area were measured by optical coherence tomography angiography instrument and compared between different groups.The correlation between BCVA, CMT and microvascular structural parrameters in ME eyes of CRVO patients was analyzed by Pearson linear correlation test.This study protocol adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University (No.2018-211).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before any medical examination.
ResultsCompared with contralateral eyes, the FAZ area and FAZ perimeter of ME eyes were significantly increased, and AI, the vessel density of SCP and DCP were significantly decreased (all at P<0.01).Compared with normal control eyes, the FAZ area and FAZ perimeter of contralateral eyes of CRVO patients were significantly increased, and AI, the vessel density of DCP were significantly decreased (all at P<0.05).In ME eyes, the BCVA LogMAR was positively correlated with FAZ area and FAZ perimeter ( r=0.614, 0.609; both at P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with AI and vessel density of SCP ( r=-0.517, -0.593; both at P<0.058).In ME eyes, CMT was positively correlated with FAZ area and FAZ perimeter ( r=0.523, 0.610; both at P<0.05), and was negatively correlated with AI and the vessel density of SCP ( r=-0.537, -0.608; both at P<0.05).
ConclusionsThe characteristic microvascular change in ME secondary to CRVO eyes is the decrease of blood flow caused by the decrease of capillaries in fovea, and the same change in blood flow also exists in their contralateral eyes.The degree of ME and visual function damage are correlated with the degree of foveal damage and the blood flow in fovea.
李泽锋,周希瑗,刘丹宁,等. 视网膜中央静脉阻塞黄斑区微血管结构特征性改变[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(07)：664-669.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200604-00396版权归中华医学会所有。
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除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。
李泽锋：直接参与设计试验、实施研究、采集数据、分析和解释数据、文章撰写；周希瑗、刘丹宁：酝酿和设计试验、实施研究、对文章的知识性内容作批判性审阅、指导试验；周家林、马宁：参与采集数据、分析和解释数据、指导试验
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