目的分析老年人髋部骨折的流行病学特点。
方法回顾性分析北京医院2011年1月至2020年12月收治入院的2 054例60岁及以上老年髋部骨折患者的临床信息，包括年龄、性别、骨折类型、受伤至手术时间、住院时间、手术方法、合并症等，分析髋部骨折的流行病学分布特点。
结果2011—2020年髋部骨折年收治患者数量总体呈上升趋势，所有患者中，股骨颈骨折(1 177例、57.3%)占比高于股骨粗隆间骨折(877例、42.7%)。不同年龄段骨折类型分布有统计学差异( χ 2＝61.727， P<0.001)。手术治疗的患者占总人数的89.5%(1 839例)，股骨颈骨折的患者最常选择的手术方式为人工股骨头置换术占75.4%(783例)；股骨粗隆间骨折为闭合复位髓内钉内固定术占66.8%(534例)，不同骨折类型间的手术方式差异有统计学意义( χ 2＝1 480.800， P<0.001)。股骨颈骨折患者住院天数长于股骨粗隆间骨折患者[(14.2±8.3)d和(13.2±10.9)d]( t＝2.417， P＝0.016)，两组患者入院至手术时间差异无统计学意义[(5.7±3.5)d和(5.4±3.3)d]( t＝1.954， P＝0.051)。在所有髋部骨折患者合并症中，排名前5位的疾病分别为心血管系统疾病(2 001例、97.4%)、神经系统疾病(1 105例、53.8%)、内分泌系统疾病(814例、39.6%)、骨骼与肌肉系统疾病(623例、30.3%)、消化系统疾病(472例、23.0%)；合并3种合并症及以上的患者占总数的72.3%(1 485例)。
结论老年人髋部骨折在年龄、性别、住院时间、合并症等方面均有一定的流行病学分布特征，这有利于进一步完善髋部骨折的防治策略，促进医疗资源的合理分配。
ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures.
MethodsThis study retrospectively analyzed the clinical characteristics of 2 054 elderly patients with hip fracture aged 60 years and over who were admitted to Beijing Hospital from January 2011 to December 2020.The epidemiological characteristics of geriatric hip fractures were analyzed from the aspects of age, gender, fracture type, length of stay, surgical method and surgical complications.
ResultsThe total number of hip fractures patients admitted from 2011 to 2020 showed a general upward trend in quantity.Among them, there were 1 177 femoral neck fractures(57.3%, 1 177/2 054), and 877 intertrochanteric femoral fractures(42.7%, 877/2 054)with statistical differences in the distribution of fracture types between patients at different ages( χ 2=61.727, P<0.001). A total of 1 839 patients chose surgical treatment, accounting for 89.5% of the total number of patients.Artificial femoral head arthroplasty was the most common operation mode for patients with femoral neck fractures(783 cases, 75.4%).534 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures(66.8%)were treated with closed reduction and femoral intramedullary nailing.There was a statistically significant difference in operation modes among different fracture types( χ 2=1 480.800, P<0.001). The length of hospital stay in patients with femoral neck fracture was(14.2±8.3)days, which was significantly longer than in patients with femoral neck fracture(13.2±10.9)days( t=2.417, P=0.016). There was no significant difference in the time from admission to operation between the two groups[(5.7±3.5)days vs.(5.4±3.3)days]( t=1.954, P=0.051). Among all the comorbidities of hip fracture patients, the top 5 diseases were cardiovascular system diseases(2 001 cases, 97.4%), nervous system diseases(1 105 cases, 53.8%), endocrine system diseases(814 cases, 39.6%), skeletal and muscular system diseases(623 cases, 30.3%), digestive system diseases(472 cases, 23.0%).1 485 patients(72.3%)had 3 or more comorbidities.
ConclusionsHip fractures in the elderly have some epidemiological distribution characteristics in terms of age, gender, length of hospitalization, injury mechanism and comorbidities, which is conducive to further improve the prevention and treatment strategies for hip fractures and promote the rational allocation of medical resources.
张泽,孙凤坡,刘军川,等. 老年人髋部骨折流行病学特点分析[J]. 中华老年医学杂志,2022,41(07)：762-766.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.issn.0254-9026.2022.07.003版权归中华医学会所有。
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张泽、孙凤坡：论文撰写；刘军川、张统一、胡亚力：数据整理；张雅文、朱轶：统计学分析；秋宇典、纪泉、文良元：研究指导、论文修改、经费支持
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