The immune and inflammatory response is a defense response of the body to stimuli and can be divided into infectious and non-infectious immunoinflammatory diseases.Current advances in research on immunoinflammatory in the eye focus on two main areas: research on targeted drugs or targeted molecular therapies for classical immunoinflammatory ocular diseases, and research on the immune mechanisms of previously considered non-immunoinflammatory ocular diseases.Key molecules of immunoinflammation in the pathogenesis of classical ocular immune diseases such as allergic conjunctivitis, immune keratopathy, non-infectious uveitis, optic neuritis, and thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy are important targets for biological therapy.Immunoinflammatory mechanisms have also been found to have an integral regulatory role in infectious ocular diseases and ocular tumors in recent years.More importantly, recent studies have revealed that immunity also plays an important role in the promotion of traditionally considered non-immunoinflammatory ocular diseases such as myopia, glaucoma, cataract, and age-related macular degeneration.Thus, immunoinflammation is widely involved in the development of diseases from the anterior to the posterior segment of the eye, and research related to the immunotherapy of related ocular diseases through the modulation of immunoinflammation has attracted the attention of the global ophthalmic community.Ophthalmologists should pay attention to the mechanisms of immune modulation and the progress of immunotherapy in various ophthalmic diseases, and explore new strategies for better guidelines for the treatment of ocular immunoinflammatory diseases.