综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
肠道微生物群在眼部疾病中的作用
耿超
李亚红 [综述]
张琰 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190701-00281
The role of gut microbiota in eye diseases
Geng Chao
Li Yahong
Zhang Yan
Authors Info & Affiliations
Geng Chao
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
Li Yahong
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
Zhang Yan
Tianjin Key Laboratory of Retinal Functions and Diseases, Tianjin Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Disease, Eye Institute and School of Optometry, Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital, Tianjin 300384, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190701-00281
876
118
0
0
4
0
PDF下载
APP内阅读
摘要

近些年来,人体的共生微生物群对人类健康和疾病的研究逐渐成为热点。特别是人类微生物组计划和16S rRNA基因测序技术的出现,进一步促进了与人类相关微生物群的研究。肠道微生物群是人体最庞大的微生态系统。一方面,正常条件下,肠道微生物群在维持宿主免疫平衡,促进营养物质代谢和维持肠道稳态中起到重要作用。另一方面,越来越多的证据显示肠道微生物群失调与多种疾病有关,除影响肠道健康外,还影响肠外多种组织、器官。随着肠道微生物群与大脑之间相互作用的"肠-脑轴"概念出现后,研究者提出肠道微生物群与眼之间可能同样有"肠-眼轴"的存在。本文就近年来关于肠道微生物群在眼科疾病,包括角膜病、葡萄膜炎、视网膜病,以及与系统性疾病相关眼病中的作用进行综述,以期为肠-眼轴的存在提供证据,并为未来眼科疾病的治疗提供新思路。

肠道微生物群/生理;眼科疾病;固有免疫反应;肠-眼轴
ABSTRACT

In recent years, the study of symbiotic microbial community on human health and disease has gradually become a hot spot.In particular, the Human Microbiome Project and the emergence of 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology have further promoted the study of human-related microbiota.The gut microbiota is the largest microecosystem of the human body.Normal gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining host immune balance, promoting nutrient metabolism and sustaining intestinal homeostasis.At present, there is increasing evidence that gut microbiota disorders are associated with a variety of diseases, not only having an impact on the intestinal tract but also affecting many extraintestinal tissues and organs.With the emergence of the concept of gut-brain axis, which interacts between gut microbiota and brain, some researchers suggest that there may also be gut-eye axis between gut microbiota and eye.This review summarized the recent research advances on the role of gut microbiota in ophthalmic diseases, including corneal diseases, uveitis, retinopathies, and the ophthalmic diseases associated with systemic diseases, in the hope that it could provide evidence for the existence of gut-eye axis and new idea for the treatment of ophthalmic diseases in the future.

Gastrointestinal microbiome/physiology;Ophthalmic disease;Immunity, innate;Gut-eye axis
Zhang Yan, Email: nc.defudabe.umt40gnahznay
引用本文

耿超,李亚红,张琰. 肠道微生物群在眼部疾病中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(08):785-790.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20190701-00281

PERMISSIONS

Request permissions for this article from CCC.

评价本文
*以上评分为匿名评价
微生物群是指定植在人体的古细菌、细菌、真菌和病毒等微生物种群的集合。共生菌群可栖息于所有与外界相通器官的上皮表面(如皮肤、眼表、口腔、呼吸道、肠道和阴道),并与宿主共同进化,互利共生。胃肠道是人体最大的微生物聚集地 [ 1 ]。正常的肠道微生物群不仅可促进食物消化和营养物质的吸收,保护其共生宿主免受感染,维持肠道稳态,也对宿主的免疫调节至关重要。肠道菌群可刺激抗体、细胞因子和抗生素等效应分子分泌,从而抵抗有害病原体的损伤而稳定存在于机体,同时又可向免疫细胞提供信号,刺激免疫系统发育 [ 2 , 3 ]。肠道微生物群由于其广泛而重要的作用常常被描述成隐藏的"器官",这个"器官"主要包含有厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、疣微菌门以及梭杆菌门 [ 4 ]。肠道微生物群包括有益菌和有害菌,在正常情况下,有益菌和有害菌保持平衡且有益菌起主要作用,维持肠道健康。然而,遗传因素、年龄、抗生素、饮食和感染均可诱发肠道微生物群平衡失调,使有害菌处于主导地位,继而引发炎症、代谢综合征、自身免疫性疾病、癌症和神经障碍等不同的疾病 [ 5 ]。大量研究证明,肠道可通过交感和副交感神经与中枢神经系统相互作用,而且肠道微生物群在肠-脑轴中起着重要作用。肠道微生物代谢产物,如短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs)、5-羟色胺、γ-氨基丁酸、色氨酸前体、儿茶酚胺等神经活性物质与肠道常驻细胞上的受体结合,进而通过神经环路或内分泌途径,向肠外细胞发出信号,靶向大脑内受体,调节行为与大脑功能 [ 6 , 7 ]。同时,大脑也可通过神经系统改变肠道微生物群的组成。中枢神经系统通过交感神经、副交感神经、以及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴调节胃肠道和肠神经系统。紧张、焦虑和抑郁等中枢神经系统的异常状态,一方面可通过神经元或神经内分泌细胞释放到肠腔大量信号分子,直接影响肠道微生物群的组成;另一方面可引起肠道微生物所寄居的环境,如肠上皮通透性和肠粘液分泌改变,从而间接影响肠道微生物群的平衡 [ 7 ]。由此,考虑到视网膜作为中枢神经系统的一部分,一些研究者提出了肠-眼轴的概念。目前,越来越多的研究探索肠道微生物群在眼部疾病中的作用 [ 8 ]。已有结果提示,角膜病、葡萄膜炎、视网膜病、以及与系统性疾病相关的眼病都与肠道微生物群失调有关,为肠-眼轴的存在提供了有力证据。本文就近年来关于肠道微生物群在角膜病、葡萄膜炎、视网膜病,以及与系统性疾病相关眼病中的作用进行综述。
试读结束,您可以通过登录机构账户或个人账户后获取全文阅读权限。
参考文献
[1]
Palm NW de Zoete MR Flavell RA . Immune-microbiota interactions in health and disease[J]Clin Immunol 2015159(2)∶122127. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2015.05.014 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[2]
Van Tyne D Gilmore MS . A delicate balance:maintaining mutualism to prevent disease[J]Cell Host Microbe 201416(4)∶425427. DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2014.09.019 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[3]
Zárate-Bladés CR Horai R Caspi RR . Regulation of autoimmunity by the microbiome[J]DNA Cell Biol 201635(9)∶455458. DOI: 10.1089/dna.2016.3432 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[4]
Eckburg PB Bik EM Bernstein CN et al. Diversity of the human intestinal microbial flora[J]Science 2005308(5728)∶16351638. DOI: 10.1126/science.1110591 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[5]
Hou K Wu ZX Chen XY et al. Microbiota in health and diseases[J/OL]Signal Transduct Target Ther 20227(1)∶135[2021-12-11]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35461318/. DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00974-4 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[6]
Andoh A Physiological role of gut microbiota for maintaining human health[J]Digestion 201693(3)∶176181. DOI: 10.1159/000444066 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[7]
Mayer EA Tillisch K Gupta A Gut/brain axis and the microbiota[J]J Clin Invest 2015125(3)∶926938. DOI: 10.1172/JCI76304 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[8]
Lin P Importance of the intestinal microbiota in ocular inflammatory diseases:a review[J]Clin Exp Ophthalmol 201947(3)∶418422. DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13493 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[9]
Round JL Mazmanian SK . Inducible Foxp3 + regulatory T-cell development by a commensal bacterium of the intestinal microbiota [J]Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010107(27)∶1220412209. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0909122107 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[10]
Ivanov Atarashi K Manel N et al. Induction of intestinal Th17 cells by segmented filamentous bacteria[J]Cell 2009139(3)∶485498. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.09.033 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[11]
Zhuang Z Wang Y Zhu G et al. Imbalance of Th17/Treg cells in pathogenesis of patients with human leukocyte antigen B27 associated acute anterior uveitis[J/OL]Sci Rep 2017740414[2021-12-11]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28091550/. DOI: 10.1038/srep40414 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[12]
Thomas AS Lin P Ocular manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease[J]Curr Opin Ophthalmol 201627(6)∶552560. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0000000000000310 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[13]
Kim J Choi SH Kim YJ et al. Clinical effect of IRT-5 probiotics on immune modulation of autoimmunity or alloimmunity in the eye[J/OL]Nutrients 20179(11)∶1166[2021-12-11]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29068389/. DOI: 10.3390/nu9111166 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[14]
Jandhyala SM Talukdar R Subramanyam C et al. Role of the normal gut microbiota[J]World J Gastroenterol 201521(29)∶87878803. DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i29.8787 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[15]
Smith PM Howitt MR Panikov N et al. The microbial metabolites,short-chain fatty acids,regulate colonic Treg cell homeostasis[J]Science 2013341(6145)∶569573. DOI: 10.1126/science.1241165 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[16]
Hooper LV Wong MH Thelin A et al. Molecular analysis of commensal host-microbial relationships in the intestine[J]Science 2001291(5505)∶881884. DOI: 10.1126/science.291.5505.881 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[17]
Alakomi HL Skyttä E Saarela M et al. Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane[J]Appl Environ Microbiol 200066(5)∶20012005. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.66.5.2001-2005.2000 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[18]
Yan F Cao H Cover TL et al. Colon-specific delivery of a probiotic-derived soluble protein ameliorates intestinal inflammation in mice through an EGFR-dependent mechanism[J]J Clin Invest 2011121(6)∶22422253. DOI: 10.1172/JCI44031 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[19]
Macia L Tan J Vieira AT et al. Metabolite-sensing receptors GPR43 and GPR109A facilitate dietary fibre-induced gut homeostasis through regulation of the inflammasome[J/OL]Nat Commun 201566734[2021-12-12]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25828455/. DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7734 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[20]
Gianchecchi E Fierabracci A Recent advances on microbiota involvement in the pathogenesis of autoimmunity[J/OL]Int J Mol Sci 201920(2)∶283[2021-12-12]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30642013/. DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020283 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[21]
Shivaji S Jayasudha R Sai Prashanthi G et al. The human ocular surface fungal microbiome[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201960(1)∶451459. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-26076 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[22]
Cavuoto KM Banerjee S Galor A Relationship between the microbiome and ocular health[J]Ocul Surf 201917(3)∶384392. DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2019.05.006 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[23]
Lu LJ Liu J Human microbiota and ophthalmic disease[J]Yale J Biol Med 201689(3)∶325330.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[24]
Kalyana Chakravarthy S Jayasudha R Ranjith K et al. Alterations in the gut bacterial microbiome in fungal Keratitis patients[J/OL]PLoS One 201813(6)∶e0199640[2021-12-12]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29933394/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199640 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[25]
Jayasudha R Chakravarthy SK Prashanthi GS et al. Alterations in gut bacterial and fungal microbiomes are associated with bacterial keratitis,an inflammatory disease of the human eye[J]J Biosci 201843(5)∶835856.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[26]
Kugadas A Wright Q Geddes-McAlister J et al. Role of microbiota in strengthening ocular mucosal barrier function through secretory IgA[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201758(11)∶45934600. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.17-22119 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[27]
Kugadas A Christiansen SH Sankaranarayanan S et al. Impact of microbiota on resistance to ocular pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis[J/OL]PLoS Pathog 201612(9)∶e1005855[2021-12-13]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27658245/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005855 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[28]
Liu J Wu M He J et al. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs corneal nerve regeneration by affecting CCR2-negative macrophage distribution[J]Am J Pathol 2018188(12)∶27862799. DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.08.009 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[29]
Wu M Liu J Li F et al. Antibiotic-induced dysbiosis of gut microbiota impairs corneal development in postnatal mice by affecting CCR2 negative macrophage distribution[J]Mucosal Immunol 202013(1)∶4763. DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0193-x .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[30]
Kalyana Chakravarthy S Jayasudha R Sai Prashanthi G et al. Dysbiosis in the gut bacterial microbiome of patients with uveitis,an inflammatory disease of the eye[J]Indian J Microbiol 201858(4)∶457469. DOI: 10.1007/s12088-018-0746-9 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[31]
Chang JH McCluskey PJ Wakefield D Acute anterior uveitis and HLA-B27[J]Surv Ophthalmol 200550(4)∶364388. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2005.04.003 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[32]
Ciccia F Guggino G Rizzo A et al. Dysbiosis and zonulin upregulation alter gut epithelial and vascular barriers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis[J]Ann Rheum Dis 201776(6)∶11231132. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210000 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[33]
Lin P Bach M Asquith M et al. HLA-B27 and human β2-microglobulin affect the gut microbiota of transgenic rats[J/OL]PLoS One 20149(8)∶e105684[2021-12-13]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25140823/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105684 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[34]
Nair JR Moots RJ . Behcet's disease[J]Clin Med (Lond) 201717(1)∶7177.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[35]
Ye Z Zhang N Wu C et al. A metagenomic study of the gut microbiome in Behcet's disease[J/OL]Microbiome 20186(1)∶135[2021-12-14]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30077182/. DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0520-6 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[36]
Horai R Caspi RR . Microbiome and autoimmune uveitis[J/OL]Front Immunol 201910232[2021-12-15]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30837991/. DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00232 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[37]
Horai R Silver PB Chen J et al. Breakdown of immune privilege and spontaneous autoimmunity in mice expressing a transgenic T cell receptor specific for a retinal autoantigen[J]J Autoimmun 2013442133. DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2013.06.003 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[38]
Zárate-Bladés CR Horai R Mattapallil MJ et al. Gut microbiota as a source of a surrogate antigen that triggers autoimmunity in an immune privileged site[J]Gut Microbes 20178(1)∶5966. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2016.1273996 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[39]
Nakamura YK Metea C Karstens L et al. Gut microbial alterations associated with protection from autoimmune uveitis[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201657(8)∶37473758. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19733 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[40]
Nakamura YK Janowitz C Metea C et al. Short chain fatty acids ameliorate immune-mediated uveitis partially by altering migration of lymphocytes from the intestine[J/OL]Sci Rep 20177(1)∶11745[2021-12-15]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28924192/. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12163-3 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[41]
Heissigerova J Seidler Stangova P Klimova A et al. The microbiota determines susceptibility to experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis[J/OL]J Immunol Res 201620165065703[2021-12-15]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27294159/. DOI: 10.1155/2016/5065703 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[42]
Janowitz C Nakamura YK Metea C et al. Disruption of intestinal homeostasis and intestinal microbiota during experimental autoimmune uveitis[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201960(1)∶420429. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-24813 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[43]
Miller JW Bagheri S Vavvas DG . Advances in age-related macular degeneration understanding and therapy[J]US Ophthalmic Rev 201710(2)∶119130. DOI: 10.17925/USOR.2017.10.02.119 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[44]
Rinninella E Mele MC Merendino N et al. The role of diet,micronutrients and the gut microbiota in age-related macular degeneration:new perspectives from the gut-retina axis[J/OL]Nutrients 201810(11)∶1677[2021-12-16]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30400586/. DOI: 10.3390/nu10111677 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[45]
Zinkernagel MS Zysset-Burri DC Keller I et al. Association of the intestinal microbiome with the development of neovascular age-related macular degeneration[J/OL]Sci Rep 2017740826[2021-12-16]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28094305/. DOI: 10.1038/srep40826 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[46]
Andriessen EM Wilson AM Mawambo G et al. Gut microbiota influences pathological angiogenesis in obesity-driven choroidal neovascularization[J]EMBO Mol Med 20168(12)∶13661379. DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201606531 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[47]
Rowan S Jiang S Korem T et al. Involvement of a gut-retina axis in protection against dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration[J/OL]Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017114(22)∶E4472E4481[2021-12-16]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28507131/. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702302114 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[48]
Rowan S Taylor A Gut microbiota modify risk for dietary glycemia-induced age-related macular degeneration[J]Gut Microbes 20189(5)∶452457. DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2018.1435247 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[49]
Tao Z Shi A Zhao J Epidemiological perspectives of diabetes[J]Cell Biochem Biophys 201573(1)∶181185. DOI: 10.1007/s12013-015-0598-4 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[50]
Lim SM Jeong JJ Woo KH et al. Lactobacillus sakei OK67 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced blood glucose intolerance and obesity in mice by inhibiting gut microbiota lipopolysaccharide production and inducing colon tight junction protein expression [J]Nutr Res 201636(4)∶337348. DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.12.001 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[51]
Wen L Ley RE Volchkov PY et al. Innate immunity and intestinal microbiota in the development of Type 1 diabetes[J]Nature 2008455(7216)∶11091113. DOI: 10.1038/nature07336 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[52]
Beli E Yan Y Moldovan L et al. Restructuring of the gut microbiome by intermittent fasting prevents retinopathy and prolongs survival in db/db mice [J]Diabetes 201867(9)∶18671879. DOI: 10.2337/db18-0158 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[53]
Zhang L Baker G Janus D et al. Biological effects of thyrotropin receptor activation on human orbital preadipocytes[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 200647(12)∶51975203. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.06-0596 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[54]
Smith TJ Hegedüs L Graves' Disease[J]N Engl J Med 2016375(16)∶15521565. DOI: 10.1056/NEJMra1510030 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[55]
Ishaq HM Mohammad IS Shahzad M et al. Molecular alteration analysis of human gut microbial composition in Graves' disease patients[J]Int J Biol Sci 201814(11)∶15581570. DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.24151 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[56]
Shi TT Xin Z Hua L et al. Alterations in the intestinal microbiota of patients with severe and active Graves' orbitopathy:a cross-sectional study[J]J Endocrinol Invest 201942(8)∶967978. DOI: 10.1007/s40618-019-1010-9 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[57]
Kuklinski E Asbell PA . Sjogren's syndrome from the perspective of ophthalmology[J]Clin Immunol 20171825561. DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.04.017 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[58]
Wang C Zaheer M Bian F et al. Sjögren-like lacrimal keratoconjunctivitis in germ-free mice[J/OL]Int J Mol Sci 201819(2)∶565[2021-12-17]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29438346/. DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020565 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[59]
de Paiva CS Jones DB Stern ME et al. Altered mucosal microbiome diversity and disease severity in Sjögren syndrome[J/OL]Sci Rep 2016623561[2021-12-17]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27087247/. DOI: 10.1038/srep23561 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[60]
Chisari G Chisari EM Borzi AM et al. Aging eye microbiota in dry eye syndrome in patients treated with Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces boulardii[J]Curr Clin Pharmacol 201712(2)∶99105. DOI: 10.2174/1574884712666170704145046 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
备注信息
A
张琰,Email: nc.defudabe.umt40gnahznay
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金项目 (81970827)
天津市自然科学基金重点项目 (17JCZDJC35600)
2017年天津市高校"中青年骨干创新人才培养计划"项目
天津医科大学眼科医院高水平创新型人才计划——杰出学者/中年领军人才项目 (YDYYRCXM-B2018-02)
评论 (0条)
注册
登录
时间排序
暂无评论,发表第一条评论抢沙发
MedAI助手(体验版)
文档即答
智问智答
机器翻译
回答内容由人工智能生成,我社无法保证其准确性和完整性,该生成内容不代表我们的态度或观点,仅供参考。
生成快照
文献快照

你好,我可以帮助您更好的了解本文,请向我提问您关注的问题。

0/2000

《中华医学会杂志社用户协议》 | 《隐私政策》

《SparkDesk 用户协议》 | 《SparkDesk 隐私政策》

网信算备340104764864601230055号 | 网信算备340104726288401230013号

技术支持:

历史对话
本文全部
还没有聊天记录
设置
模式
纯净模式沉浸模式
字号