首页 中华肿瘤杂志 2022年44卷08期 中国人群肝癌筛查指南(2022，北京)
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中国人群肝癌筛查指南(2022，北京)
赫捷 
陈万青
沈洪兵
李霓
曲春枫
石菊芳
孙凤
姜晶
曹广文
庄贵华
彭绩
中国人群肝癌筛查指南制定专家组
中国人群肝癌筛查指南制定工作组
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220720-00502
China guideline for liver cancer screening (2022, Beijing)
He Jie
Chen Wanqing
Shen Hongbing
Li Ni
Qu Chunfeng
Shi Jufang
Sun Feng
Jiang Jing
Cao Guangwen
Zhuang Guihua
Peng Ji
Expert Panel of China Guideline for Liver Cancer Screening
Working Group of China Guideline for Liver Cancer Screening
Authors Info & Affiliations
He Jie
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Chen Wanqing
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Shen Hongbing
School of Public Health, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Personalized Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
Li Ni
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Qu Chunfeng
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Shi Jufang
National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
Sun Feng
School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
Jiang Jing
The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
Cao Guangwen
Department of Epidemiology, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
Zhuang Guihua
School of Public Health, Xi′an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi′an 710061, China
Peng Ji
Shenzhen Centre for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen 518020, China
Expert Panel of China Guideline for Liver Cancer Screening
Working Group of China Guideline for Liver Cancer Screening
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220720-00502
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摘要
中国人群的肝癌存在生存率低、死亡率高的情况，如何有效降低肝癌相关负担仍是中国公共卫生和慢性病防控领域亟待解决的重大问题，而肝癌人群筛查策略优化是值得持续探索的重要抓手和方向。中国人群肝癌筛查指南受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托，由国家癌症中心发起，联合多学科专家，根据世界卫生组织推荐的指南制定原则和方法，整合肝癌人群筛查领域的国内外研究新证据，兼顾中国国情及实践经验，针对肝癌筛查过程中的筛查人群、筛查技术、监测方案等呈现循证推荐，以期为中国人群肝癌筛查实践的规范提供参考。
肝肿瘤;筛查;监测;指南;中国
ABSTRACT
In China, the survival rate of liver cancer remains low while the mortality rate is high. Effectively reducing the burden of liver cancer is still a major challenge in the field of public health and chronic disease prevention in the Chinese population. Optimizing screening strategies for liver cancer remains a profound approach to secondary prevention worthy of continuous exploration. To address this pressing issue, the Bureau of Disease Control and Prevention of the National Health Commission commissioned this guideline. The National Cancer Center of China initiated the guideline development and convened a multidisciplinary expert panel and working groups. Following the World Health Organization Handbook for Guideline Development, this guideline integrated the most up-to-date evidence of liver cancer screening, China′s national conditions, and existing practical experience in liver cancer screening. Evidence-based recommendations on the target population, screening technologies, surveillance strategies, and other key points across the process of liver cancer screening and surveillance management were provided. This guideline would help standardize the practice of liver cancer screening in China.
Liver neoplasms;Screening;Surveillance;Guideline;China
He Jie, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, Email:
nc.defcaab.smaciceijeh
He Jie and Chen Wanqing contributed equally to this work
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引用本文
赫捷,陈万青,沈洪兵,等. 中国人群肝癌筛查指南(2022，北京)[J]. 中华肿瘤杂志,2022,44(08)：779-814.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220720-00502PERMISSIONS
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一、引言
肝癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一，2016年我国肝癌发病数和死亡数分别为38.9万例和33.6万例，男性发病和死亡病例数均约为女性的3倍
[
1
]。归因于对乙型肝炎病毒(hepatitis B virus, HBV)感染、黄曲霉毒素食品污染等因素的有效控制，过去数十年我国肝癌发病率和死亡率呈现下降趋势
[
2
]，但肝癌患者5年生存率仍然仅为12.1%(2015年)
[
3
]。此外，目前我国肝癌所致的伤残寿命年仍然占全球肝癌负担的近半
[
2
]。如何进一步有效降低我国肝癌疾病负担，仍是我国公共卫生和慢性病防控领域亟待解决的重大问题。
我国肝癌筛查从2006年农村癌症早诊早治项目个别项目点开始
[
4
]，后陆续被淮河流域癌症早诊早治项目(2007年)和城市癌症早诊早治项目(2012年)两个国家重大公共卫生服务项目纳入
[
5
,
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
]。然而，相比结直肠癌等筛查更为成熟的癌种，肝癌筛查对肝癌死亡率的下降效果相对较低或存在争议，肝癌的筛查人群覆盖率仍相对较低
[
11
]，因此，肝癌筛查工作仍处于持续探索中。考虑到肝癌筛查服务的可获得性、肝癌发生发展特点以及肝癌预后等因素，目前肝癌预防实践仍然需要普通人群筛查与高风险人群监测并重。
近年来国内团体推出多部肝癌防控相关指南共识，包括中华预防医学会肝胆胰疾病预防与控制专业委员会等的《原发性肝癌的分层筛查与监测指南(2020版)》
[
12
]、中华医学会肝病学分会的《原发性肝癌二级预防共识(2021年版)》
[
13
]以及全国多中心前瞻性肝癌极早期预警筛查项目(PreCar)专家组的《中国肝癌早筛策略专家共识》
[
14
]等，为我国肝癌防控提供了重要推荐，也分别提出了具体尚待研究和解决的问题，为后续工作提供了重要方向。同时，我们比较各指南共识也注意到整体而言有以下现象：针对肝癌一般风险人群的界定信息有限，高风险人群界定存在差别，多未明确区分筛查和监测的概念，筛查方案及筛查时间间隔推荐有差异，缺少系统的卫生经济学评价证据推荐，筛查质控推荐有限等。
为了响应《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》中强化慢性病筛查和早期发现、针对高发地区重点癌症开展早诊早治工作的要求，受国家卫生健康委员会疾病预防控制局委托，国家癌症中心牵头组织多学科专家和工作团队，应用国际规范的指南制定方法，基于最新研究证据和我国国情，关注关口前移，制定《中国人群肝癌筛查指南(2022，北京)》，以期为我国人群肝癌筛查与早诊早治工作的规范开展提供参考，提升我国肝癌防控效果。
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备注信息
A
赫捷，国家癌症中心 国家肿瘤临床医学研究中心 中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院，北京 100021, Email：
nc.defcaab.smaciceijeh
B
赫捷与陈万青对本文有同等贡献
C
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