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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
微小RNA-21在眼科疾病发生和发展中的作用
孙吉君
阮庆国 [综述]
史伟云 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191007-00428
Role of microRNA-21 in the occurrence and development of ophthalmic diseases
Sun Jijun
Ruan Qingguo
Shi Weiyun
Authors Info & Affiliations
Sun Jijun
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan 250021, China
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao 266071, China
School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
Ruan Qingguo
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao 266071, China
Shi Weiyun
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), Jinan 250021, China
State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Qingdao 266071, China
School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250000, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191007-00428
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摘要

微小RNA(miRNA)是可以调节基因表达的短链非编码RNA。miR-21是较早发现的人类miRNA之一，其作为癌基因参与转录后基因调控，在细胞增生、凋亡和分化中都起着重要作用；此外，miR-21可促进炎症反应，在免疫系统功能的调节中也起着关键作用。近年来研究发现，miR-21不仅可在角膜成纤维细胞、视网膜色素上皮细胞、视网膜微血管内皮细胞、视网膜小胶质细胞等细胞中检测到，也在视网膜母细胞瘤、葡萄膜肿瘤、角膜碱烧伤、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变、糖尿病视网膜病变和葡萄膜炎等眼科疾病的发生和发展中起重要作用。抑制miR-21可以治疗视网膜母细胞瘤及由角膜新生血管、糖尿病视网膜病变引起的视力丧失，过表达miR-21能够促进角膜上皮愈合，治疗原发性开角型青光眼和视网膜变性等疾病。本文将对国内外近年来有关miR-21在眼科疾病中的研究进展进行综述。

微小RNA;眼科疾病;微小RNA-21;基因调控
ABSTRACT

MicroRNA (miRNA) is a short noncoding RNA, which can regulate gene expression.miR-21 is one of the human miRNAs identified earlier.As an oncovirus, it is involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene and plays important roles in cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation.In addition, miR-21 promotes inflammatory responses and also plays a key role in regulating the function of immune system.Recent studies have shown that miR-21 could be detected in corneal fibroblasts cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, retinal microvascular endothelial cells, retinal microglia and other eye-derived cells.Furthermore, miR-21 plays an important part in the development of various eye diseases including retinoblastoma, uveal melanoma, corneal alkali burn, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, diabetic retinopathy and uveitis.Further studies have shown that inhibited expression of miR-21 can treat retinoblastoma and rescue vision loss caused by corneal neovascularization and diabetic retinopathy, while overexpression of miR-21 can promote corneal epithelial healing and treat primary open-angle glaucoma and retinal degeneration.This review summarized the recent research progress of the role of miR-21 in eye diseases.

MicroRNA;Eye diseases;MicroRNA-21;Regulation of gene
Shi Weiyun, Email: mocdef.3ab61ihsnuyiew
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引用本文

孙吉君,阮庆国,史伟云. 微小RNA-21在眼科疾病发生和发展中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(10)：986-991.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20191007-00428

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微小RNA(microRNA，miRNA)是长度约为22个核苷酸的非编码RNA，广泛存在于真核物种中，在RNA沉默和基因表达的转录后调控中起作用 [ 1 ]。每个miRNA都能够调控几个，甚至几百个靶基因的表达，并参与胚胎发育、免疫反应、炎症、肿瘤发生以及细胞生长和增生等重要过程 [ 2 ]。miR-21位于第17号染色体转膜蛋白49基因的第10号内含子上 [ 3 ]，是较早发现的人类miRNA之一。研究表明miR-21作为抗凋亡基因在多种细胞类型中起作用 [ 4 , 5 ]，目前已发现并证实的miR-21靶基因有几十种，其中很多与肿瘤的发生和发展有着密切关系，如程序性细胞死亡因子4(programmed cell death 4，PDCD4)抑制细胞生长，染色体10上缺失的磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物基因(phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromosome ten，PTEN)抑制细胞增生和迁移，B淋巴细胞瘤2基因(B-cell lymphoma-2，Bcl-2)抑制细胞凋亡，组织金属蛋白酶抑制因子3(tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3，TIMP3)参与胞外信号引导细胞凋亡等 [ 6 ]。miR-21通过调控上述靶基因，在细胞生长、代谢等病理生理过程尤其是肿瘤细胞增生、分化、凋亡、侵袭、转移等过程中发挥重要作用。最近的研究表明，miR-21可促进炎症反应，在免疫系统功能的调节中也起着关键作用 [ 7 ]。虽然miR-21在非活化T细胞和抗原呈递细胞中维持低表达水平，但是这些细胞激活后miR-21的表达显著上调 [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]。Ruan等 [ 11 ]发现miR-21通过负调控其靶基因肿瘤坏死因子α诱导蛋白8类似蛋白2的表达，从而抑制活化T细胞的凋亡。miR-21可在角膜成纤维细胞、视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium，RPE)细胞、视网膜微血管内皮细胞(retinal microvascular endothelial cells，RMEC)等正常眼部细胞中表达；在疾病状态下，miR-21可在角膜移植排斥的角膜组织、碱烧伤后的角膜组织、视网膜母细胞瘤(retinoblastoma，RB)肿瘤组织、增生性玻璃体视网膜病变患者的玻璃体液、青光眼患者的房水和受损的小梁网细胞中表达。进一步研究表明，miR-21在众多眼科疾病的发生和发展中发挥重要的调控作用，并且靶向miR-21可能是预防或治疗多种眼科疾病的潜在方法。本文就miR-21在眼科疾病中的研究进展做一综述。
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史伟云，Email： mocdef.3ab61ihsnuyiew
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国家自然科学基金重点项目 (81530027)
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青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项项目 (21-1-4-rkjk-11-nsh)
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