2020年中国精神卫生资源状况分析

马宁; 陈润滋; 张五芳; 王云锋; 白羽; 苏荣成; 李紫聿; 王文君; 吴霞民; 陆林

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20220617-00158

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中华精神科杂志

• 公共精神卫生 •

ENGLISH ABSTRACT

2020年中国精神卫生资源状况分析

作者及单位信息

出版日期： 2022 -12 -05 ·

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20220617-00158

The mental health resources in Chinese mainland by 2020

Authors Info & Affiliations

Ma Ning

Department of Public Mental Health, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China

Chen Runzi

Zhang Wufang

Wang Yunfeng

Ningbo Kangning Hospital, Ningbo 315200, China

Bai Yu

Su Rongcheng

Sichuan Provincial Center for Mental Health, the Center of Psychosomatic Medicine of Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Li Ziyu

Mental Health Institute of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the Third Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010010, China

Wang Wenjun

Chongqing Mental Health Center, Chongqing 401147, China

Wu Xiamin

Lu Lin

Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing 100191, China

Published： 2022 -12 -05 ·

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20220617-00158

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摘要

目的分析我国（不包括香港特别行政区、澳门特别行政区、台湾省）精神卫生资源分布及“十三五”期间变化情况，为制定全国精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划等相关政策提供依据和参考。

方法采用自编调查表对截至2020年底的全国精神卫生医疗机构进行调查，从类型、主办单位、所属行政级别、东中西部、省份、亚专科等方面对精神卫生医疗机构、床位、人员数量等相关数据进行描述性分析。

结果截至2020年底，全国共有5 936家精神卫生医疗机构，精神科开放床位798 191张（5.65张/万人），精神科执业（助理）医师50 124人（3.55名/10万人），注册护士139 642人（9.89名/10万人）。5 936家精神卫生医疗机构中，649家（1.09%）设有老年精神科病房，312家（0.53%）设有儿童精神科病房，1 548家（26.08%）设有康复科。全国350个区县（12.31%）无精神卫生医疗机构，883个区县（31.05%）无精神科床位，主要集中在中西部地区。西部地区单位土地面积上精神科开放床位、医师和护士数量较中部相差4倍左右、较东部差7~11倍。

结论2015—2020年全国精神卫生医疗机构数、床位数、精神科执业（助理）医师、护士数等大幅增长，但仍存在地域分布不均衡、亚专科发展滞后等问题；未来制定精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划时，应进一步加强县级和中西部地区精神卫生资源建设；大力支持老年、儿童、康复等精神卫生亚专科发展。

关键词：精神卫生;卫生资源;横断面调查

ABSTRACT

ObjectivesTo analyze the allocation of mental health resources in Chinese mainland and the change of these resources during the 13 ^th Five-year Mental Health Plan period. This analysis will serve as evidence for developing future national mental health prevention and control policies.

MethodsThe National Mental Health Program Office created one questionnaire to survey available mental health facilities by the end of 2020. Descriptive methods were used to analyze the mental health facilities, psychiatric beds, and mental health professionals from type, sponsor, administrative level, regions, and sub-specialities.

ResultsBy the end of 2020, 5 936 facilities were providing mental health services in Chinese mainland. 798 191 psychiatric beds (5.65 beds/10 000 persons), 50 124 psychiatrists (3.55/100 000 persons), and 139 642 registered nurses (9.89/100 000 persons) were located in these facilities. Of all these 5 936 mental health facilities, 649 (1.09%) had geriatric psychiatric wards, 312 (0.53%) had child psychiatric wards, and 1 548 (26.08%) had rehabilitation departments. 350 counties (12.31%) had no mental health facilities and 883 counties (31.05%) had no psychiatric beds in Chinese mainland, mainly in the mid-western regions. The numbers of psychiatric beds, psychiatrists, and registered nurses per unit land area in the western region were about 4 times lower than those in the middle region and 7-11 times lower than those in the eastern region.

ConclusionsThe mental health resources in Chinese mainland increased significantly from 2015 to 2020, but there are still the problems of uneven geographical allocation of resources and lagged sub-specialities development. While formulating the construction and development plan for mental health prevention and control system in the future, we should further develop the mental health resources at the county level, and vigorously support to establish of mental health sub-specialities for the elderly and children, as well as mental health rehabilitation, particularly in the mid-western regions.

KEYWORDS： Mental health;Health resources;Cross-sectional studies

Corresponding author: Ma Ning, Email: nc.defudabe.umjbgninam

FUNDING:

Authorized Program by Disease Control and Prevention Bureau, National Health Commission

COPYRIGHTS:

No content published by the journals of Chinese Medical Association may be reproduced or abridged without authorization. Please do not use or copy the layout and design of the journals without permission.

All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.

引用本文

马宁,陈润滋,张五芳,等. 2020年中国精神卫生资源状况分析[J]. 中华精神科杂志,2022,55(06)：459-468.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn113661-20220617-00158

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除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。

精神疾病严重影响大众身心健康，并带来沉重的经济和社会负担。流行病学调查结果显示，我国18岁以上人口精神疾病的终生患病率高达16.57% ^{［

1
］}，推算我国超过2亿人患有精神疾病。世界卫生组织系列研究显示，2019年神经精神疾病和物质使用障碍占全球疾病总负担的10.14%，较2015年增长0.62%；中国神经精神疾病和物质使用障碍负担占全球相同疾病总负担的第一位（16.82%），占中国疾病总负担的11.36%，较2015年增长0.15% ^{［

2
］}。为应对我国日益严峻的精神卫生工作形势，近年来，国家先后出台《精神卫生法》 ^{［

3
］}《精神卫生防治体系建设与发展规划》 ^{［

4
］}《全国精神卫生工作规划（2015—2020年）》 ^{［

5
］}《关于加强心理健康服务的指导意见》 ^{［

6
］}《精神科医师转岗培训项目实施方案》等文件，实施全国精神卫生综合管理试点 ^{［

7
］}、社会心理服务体系建设试点 ^{［

8
］}，推动各地进一步健全精神卫生服务网络，加快精神卫生人才队伍建设，精神卫生服务资源不断增加。为全面、准确掌握我国精神卫生服务资源分布现状及“十三五”期间的变化情况，受国家卫生健康委疾病预防控制局（以下简称疾控局）委托，国家精神卫生项目办公室（以下简称国家项目办）开展本研究，旨为政府相关部门制定下一步精神卫生政策提供依据和参考。

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参考文献

参考文献

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