综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
脂肪组织:一个具有高度异质性和可塑性的内分泌和免疫器官
龚凤英
胡雯婧
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220908-00464
Adipose tissue: an endocrine and immune organ with high heterogeneity and plasticity
Gong Fengying
Hu Wenjing
Authors Info & Affiliations
Gong Fengying
Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, the Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
Hu Wenjing
Department of Endocrinology, Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, the Translational Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220908-00464
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摘要

随着分子生物学技术的发展,脂肪组织不再被认为是一个被动的能量存储仓库,而是能主动分泌许多生物活性物质的复杂内分泌和免疫器官。研究发现,脂肪组织除了经典的白色脂肪(WAT)和棕色脂肪(BAT)外,还有散在分布于WAT中的可诱导的米色脂肪和存在于妊娠和哺乳期乳腺中的粉色脂肪。脂肪组织中除了成熟脂肪细胞、前脂肪细胞和干细胞外,还含有大量的免疫细胞,包括天然免疫细胞和适应性免疫细胞,以及脂肪组织相关淋巴细胞集簇(FALC)和淋巴结。脂肪组织不仅能分泌600多种脂肪细胞因子,还能分泌包括脂质、代谢产物、非编码RNA和细胞外小泡(EV)在内的多种物质,在脂肪组织局部或者远距离调节机体能量平衡。另外,脂肪组织还具有部位特异性、高度可塑性和异质性。脂肪组织依赖自身的表型重塑、结构重塑和代谢重塑,在维持机体能量稳态中发挥重要作用。因此,现在认为脂肪组织是一个具有高度异质性、可塑性、能动态分泌多种生物活性物质的内分泌和免疫器官。脂肪组织的这些新认识,为未来减肥和改善糖脂代谢药物的研发,提供了新的研究方向。

脂肪组织;可塑性;异质性;白色脂肪棕色化;免疫细胞;脂肪细胞因子;部位特异性
引用本文

龚凤英,胡雯婧. 脂肪组织:一个具有高度异质性和可塑性的内分泌和免疫器官[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志,2022,14(12):1469-1474.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220908-00464

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脂肪组织是人体结构的必需组成部分,散在分布于机体各处,主要由成熟的脂肪细胞、前脂肪细胞和免疫细胞等组成,并有血管和神经支配。脂肪组织根据存在的解剖部位,可分为皮下脂肪组织和内脏脂肪组织。脂肪组织具有广泛的生理功能,包括储存能量、氧化供热、防止散热、保护脏器、促进脂溶性维生素吸收、供给必需脂肪酸、调节体温和免疫反应等 1。随着人口老龄化和生活方式的改变,脂肪组织主要表现为在体内过度扩张的肥胖症及其相关并发症的患病率迅速攀升,严重危害人类健康,而对脂肪组织生理和病理功能的深入研究也越来越受到学者们的高度关注。到目前为止,脂肪组织不再被认为是一个被动的能量存储仓库,而是一个具有高度异质性、可塑性、能动态分泌多种生物活性物质的机体最大的内分泌和免疫器官,在脂肪组织局部和机体全身的代谢调节和能量稳态中发挥重要作用 2。本文将从脂肪组织的新分类、脂肪组织作为一个复杂的内分泌器官和活跃的免疫器官、脂肪组织的高度可塑性和异质性等方面,阐述对脂肪组织的新认识。
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备注信息
A
龚凤英,Email: mocdef.aabnisgnogyf
B

龚凤英, 胡雯婧. 脂肪组织:一个具有高度异质性和可塑性的内分泌和免疫器官[J]. 中华糖尿病杂志, 2022, 14(12): 1469-1474. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115791-20220908-00464.

C
所有作者声明无利益冲突
D
中国医学科学院医学与健康科技创新工程项目 (2022-I2M-2-002)
国家自然科学基金 (82270913)
北京市自然科学基金 (7222137)
国家临床重点专科能力提升项目 (U110000)
中国医学科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本业务费 (2019PT320007)
北京协和医院中青年基金项目 (2013-020)
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