目的研究新疆塔城地区新疆生产建设兵团第九师和额敏县汉族及哈萨克族50岁及以上人群白内障患病率及危险因素。
方法采用横断面研究方法，华北理工大学附属医院眼科于2015年10月至2018年6月在新疆塔城地区对新疆生产建设兵团第九师及额敏县50岁及以上人群白内障患病率进行流行病学调查。按所属行政区域划分基本抽样单位，每个行政区域约1 000人，若抽样单位超过1 500人则按人数划分为2个及以上的基本抽样单位。将新疆塔城地区分为240个基本抽样单位，采用随机数表法选取其中12个基本抽样单位进行检查。按晶状体混浊分类系统Ⅱ(LOCS Ⅱ)的标准作为白内障确诊标准，对该地区不同民族和年龄受检者白内障的患病率进行统计，分析受检者年龄、民族、性别、高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、高脂血症、冠心病、紫外线照射时间与白内障患病数的关系。
结果新疆生产建设兵团第九师及额敏县50岁及以上人群白内障患病率为76.34%，50~<60岁组、60~<70岁组、70~<80岁组、≥80岁及以上人群白内障患病率分别为23.30%、77.40%、89.60%和100.00%。新疆塔城地区50岁以上人群中，不同年龄段、不同民族、有无高血压、有无糖尿病、有无高脂血症白内障患病情况总体比较差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.01)。不同性别、有无冠心病、是否吸烟、不同紫外线照射时长的白内障患病情况总体比较差异均无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。Logistic多项回归分析显示，年龄[50~<60岁( OR＝39.93，95% CI：20.77－76.77)；60~<70岁( OR＝3.81，95% CI：2.05－7.08)；70~<80岁( OR＝1.72，95% CI：0.92－3.22)]、高血压( OR＝1.54，95% CI：1.13－2.11)、高脂血症( OR＝1.41，95% CI：1.10－2.03)为白内障的独立危险因素。
结论新疆塔城地区50岁及以上人群的白内障发病率高，年龄、高血压、高脂血症是该地区白内障发病的独立危险因素。
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of cataract and its risk factors in the Jiu Shi Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Han and Kazak people aged 50 years old and over in Emin County, Tacheng area, Xinjiang.
MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted.An epidemiological survey on the prevalence of cataract among people aged 50 years old and over was performed by the Department of Ophthalmology of North China University of Science and Technology Affiliated Hospital in the Jiu Shi Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Emin County from October 2015 to June 2018.The basic sampling units (BSUs) were divided according to the administrative regions, with about 1 000 people in each administrative region.With a population exceeding 1 500, sample units would be divided into more than two BSUs according to the population.Xinjiang Tacheng area was divided into 240 BSUs, and 12 BSUs were selected by random number table method for inspection.With the lens opacity classification system Ⅱ (LOCS Ⅱ) as the diagnostic standard, the prevalence rate of cataract in different nationalities and different ages in this area was evaluated, and the relationship between age, nationality, sex, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, hyperlipidemia, coronary heart disease, ultraviolet irradiation time and the prevalence rate of cataract was analyzed.This study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Jiu Shi Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (No.SW-201501-04).
ResultsThe prevalence rate of cataract among people aged 50 and over in the Jiu Shi Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and Emin County was 76.34%.The prevalence rate of cataract in 50-<60-year-old group, 60-<70-year-old group, 70-<80-year-old group and ≥80-year-old group was 23.30%, 77.40%, 89.60% and 100.00%, respectively.There were significant differences in the prevalence among people between different ages, different nationalities, with and without hypertension, with and without diabetes, with and without hyperlipidemia (all at P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the prevalence among people between different sexes, with and without coronary heart disease, smoking or not, different ultraviolet irradiation time (all at P>0.05). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that age (50-<60 years old: [ OR=39.93, 95% CI: 20.77-76.77; 60-<70 years old: OR=3.81, 95% CI: 2.05-7.08; 70-<80 years old: OR=1.72, 95% CI: 0.92-3.22]), hypertension ( OR=1.54, 95% CI: 1.13-2.11) and hyperlipidemia ( OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.10-2.03) were independent risk factors for cataract.
ConclusionsThe incidence of cataract in the Jiu Shi Hospital of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and people aged 50 and over in Emin County is higher than that in other parts of China, in which age, hypertension and hyperlipidemia are independent risk factors for cataract.
李晓,刘雪薇,芦凌羽,等. 新疆塔城地区50岁及以上人群白内障流行病学调查及危险因素分析[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2022,40(12)：1176-1180.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200316-00175版权归中华医学会所有。
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