Microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) is an important surgical method to obtain sperm in non-obstructive azoospermia patients. It has been carried out in many reproductive medicine centers across the country and achieved remarkable clinical results. At present, there is a lack of unified consensus and standard for the perioperative management of this operation in the field of reproductive andrology. In order to improve the sperm retrieval rate (SRR) of surgery and the clinical outcome of assisted reproductive technology, the Reproductive Male Science Group of Reproductive Medicine Professional Committee of Chinese Medical Association was established to compile an expert group to jointly write this consensus. This consensus summarized the clinical evidence at home and abroad, followed the principles of evidence-based medicine, and put forward principled and directional suggestions from the perspective of preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative management. Providing guidance and assistance to reproductive centers that are carrying out or preparing to carry out micro-TESE.