[综述]
非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变(NAION)是好发于50岁以上人群的视神经疾病，其发病机制尚未完全清楚，也无公认有效的治疗方式。利用光动力法建立的NAION动物模型具有与临床NAION相似的眼底及电生理改变。近年来，基于动物模型对NAION的病理机制探索发现，视神经缺血梗塞灶内轴突结构破坏，脱髓鞘改变及炎症细胞浸润，伴随继发性视网膜神经节细胞凋亡。基于动物模型的NAION治疗药物种类广泛，包括糖皮质激素、粒细胞集落刺激因子、前列腺素J2、抗血管内皮生长因子、神经营养因子、针对青光眼或中枢神经系统损害有效的药物等。给药方式包括全身给药、玻璃体腔注射给药或局部滴眼。部分药物在动物模型中已展示出视神经保护作用，为临床筛选新的治疗药物提供了一定的依据。本文就NAION动物模型、基于动物模型的病理生理和治疗研究现况及相关进展做一综述。
Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is an optic neuropathy that usually occurs in people over 50 years old.The pathogenesis of NAION remains unknown, and there is no recognized effective treatment.The animal model of NAION established by photodynamic method has similar fundus and electrophysiological changes to clinical NAION.In recent years, studies on the pathological mechanisms of NAION based on animal models have found that axonal structure destruction, demyelination and inflammatory cells infiltration in the region of optic nerve infarction, accompanied by secondary retinal ganglion cells apoptosis.There are a wide range of drugs for NAION based on animal models, including glucocorticoids, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, prostaglandin J2, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor, neurotrophic factors, effective drugs for glaucoma or central nervous system damage, etc.Routes of administration include systemic administration, intravitreal injection or topical application of eye drops.The neuroprotective effects of some drugs in animal models provide a basis for clinical screening of new therapeutic drugs.In this review, the animal models of NAION, pathophysiology and treatment based on animal models were summarized.
易佐慧子,邢怡桥. 非动脉炎性前部缺血性视神经病变的基础研究新进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(01)：92-96.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200220-00087版权归中华医学会所有。
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