目的估计我国老年人视力、听力残疾与视听共残的现患率,探讨视听共残的关联因素。
方法横断面研究。利用2006年全国第二次残疾人抽样调查数据,提取视力残疾与听力残疾老年人的数据资料,进行描述性统计分析,采用多因素logistic回归模型分析老年人视听共残的关联因素。
结果共纳入250 752例研究对象,其中男119 120例,女131 632例,年龄65~<75岁164 003例,75~<85岁74 156例,≥85岁12 593例。我国老年人的视力残疾现患率为8.10%(95% CI:8.00%~8.21%),听力残疾现患率为13.41%(95% CI:13.29%~13.54%),视听共残的现患率为1.97%(95% CI:1.92%~2.02%)。视听共残老年人的残疾严重程度更高,轻度残疾的占比(18.31%,966/5 277)低于视力(53.06%,11 208/21 123)或听力残疾(32.96%,11 536/34 995)的老年人。视听共残老年人中19.40%(1 024/5 277)的视听残疾为同年发生。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,文化程度小学以下( OR=0.65,95% CI:0.61~0.70, P<0.001)、有配偶( OR=0.68,95% CI:0.64~0.72, P<0.001)、居住在城镇地区( OR=0.77,95% CI:0.71~0.82, P<0.001)、户人均收入高于全国平均水平( OR=0.73,95% CI:0.68~0.78, P<0.001)是老年人视听共残的保护因素。
结论老年人的视力残疾与听力残疾存在关联,应关注老年人口视听共残等关联性残疾防控工作,重点针对经济困难、无配偶和居住在偏远地区的老年人加强视力和听力残疾防控宣传教育。
ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of visual disability, hearing disability and comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly in China, and explore the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability in the elderly.
MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study. Based on the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, the data of the elderly with visual and hearing disability were extracted and combined for descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly.
ResultsA total of 250 752 cases were in the final analysis (119 120 males and 131 632 females), and there were 164 003, 74 156 and 12 593 cases with the age of 65-<75, 75-<85 and ≥ 85 years, respectively. The prevalence of visual disability and hearing disability of the elderly in China was 8.10% (95% CI: 8.00%-8.21%), 13.41% (95% CI: 13.29%-13.54%), respectively, while the prevalence of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was 1.97% (95% CI: 1.92%-2.02%). The severity of disability of the elderly with comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was higher, and the percentage of mild disabilities (18.31%, 966/5 277) was lower than those with visual (53.06%, 11 208/21 123) or hearing disabilities (32.96%, 11 536/34 995). Moreover, 19.40% (1 024/5 277) of visual or hearing disability occurred in the same year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level below primary school ( OR=0.65, 95% CI: 0.61-0.70, P<0.001), having a spouse ( OR=0.68, 95% CI: 0.64-0.72, P<0.001), living in an urban area ( OR=0.77, 95% CI: 0.71-0.82, P<0.001) and having a per capita household income higher than the national average ( OR=0.73, 95% CI: 0.68-0.78, P<0.001) were protective factors for comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly.
ConclusionsVisual disability is correlated with hearing disability in the elderly. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of associated disabilities such as visual and hearing co-disabilities in the elderly population, with emphasis on strengthening publicity and education on prevention and control of visual and hearing disabilities for the elderly who are economically disadvantaged, have no spouse and live in remote areas.
刘运铎,王一然,邢婉丽,等. 我国老年人口视力、听力残疾与视听共残的现患率及其关联因素[J]. 中华医学杂志,2023,103(06):436-441.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20221124-02485版权归中华医学会所有。
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除非特别声明,本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。
项目 | 调查人数 | 视力残疾 | 听力残疾 | 视听共残 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
例数 | 现患率(95% CI) | 例数 | 现患率(95% CI) | 例数 | 现患率(95% CI) | ||
总体 | 250 752 | 21 123 | 8.10(8.00~8.21) | 34 995 | 13.41(13.29~13.54) | 5 277 | 1.97(1.92~2.02) |
年龄(岁) | |||||||
65~<75 | 164 003 | 9 244 | 5.55(5.44~5.66) | 15 260 | 9.15(9.01~9.29) | 1 406 | 0.83(0.79~0.88) |
75~<85 | 74 156 | 9 284 | 12.86(12.61~13.10) | 15 415 | 21.37(21.07~21.67) | 2 664 | 3.79(3.65~3.93) |
≥85 | 12 593 | 2 595 | 20.61(19.90~21.31) | 4 320 | 34.31(33.48~35.13) | 1 207 | 9.58(9.07~10.10) |
性别 | |||||||
男性 | 119 120 | 7 481 | 6.30(6.16~6.44) | 17 836 | 15.00(14.80~15.20) | 1 938 | 1.66(1.58~1.73) |
女性 | 131 632 | 13 642 | 9.63(9.47~9.78) | 17 159 | 11.99(11.83~12.16) | 3 339 | 2.20(2.13~2.27) |
受教育程度 | |||||||
小学以下 | 122 004 | 6 231 | 5.53(5.39~5.66) | 14 348 | 12.82(12.63~13.01) | 1 359 | 1.32(1.25~1.39) |
小学及以上 | 128 748 | 14 892 | 10.26(10.10~10.43) | 20 647 | 14.04(13.86~14.22) | 3 918 | 2.43(2.35~2.51) |
婚姻状况 | |||||||
有配偶 | 153 675 | 9 398 | 6.73(6.59~6.87) | 17 858 | 13.05(12.87~13.23) | 1 903 | 1.53(1.46~1.61) |
无配偶 | 97 077 | 11 725 | 9.95(9.76~10.14) | 17 137 | 14.25(14.03~14.47) | 3 374 | 2.37(2.28~2.45) |
居住地 | |||||||
城镇 | 88 523 | 5 082 | 5.58(5.43~5.72) | 10 827 | 11.88(11.67~12.08) | 1 229 | 1.32(1.25~1.40) |
乡村 | 162 229 | 16 041 | 9.47(9.33~9.61) | 24 168 | 14.25(14.09~14.41) | 4 048 | 2.31(2.24~2.38) |
户人均收入 | |||||||
高于平均 | 105 018 | 6 280 | 5.74(5.61~5.88) | 13 071 | 11.99(11.80~12.18) | 1 514 | 1.35(1.28~1.42) |
低于或等于平均 | 145 734 | 14 843 | 9.80(9.65~9.94) | 21 924 | 14.44(14.27~14.62) | 3 763 | 2.41(2.34~2.49) |
地区 | |||||||
东部 | 106 432 | 7 805 | 6.75(6.61~6.90) | 15 388 | 13.38(13.18~13.57) | 2 026 | 1.67(1.60~1.74) |
中部 | 70 672 | 5 949 | 8.24(8.04~8.44) | 8 997 | 12.43(12.19~12.67) | 1 339 | 1.83(1.73~1.92) |
西部 | 73 468 | 7 369 | 9.95(9.74~10.16) | 10 610 | 14.33(14.09~14.58) | 1 912 | 2.57(2.46~2.68) |
注:表中的现患率均为标准化后的数据
残疾程度 | 视力残疾( n=21 123) | 听力残疾( n=34 995) | 视听共残( n=5 277) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
例数 | 构成比(%) | 例数 | 构成比(%) | 例数 | 构成比(%) | |
极重度 | 5 327 | 25.22 | 3 354 | 9.58 | 1 621 | 30.72 |
重度 | 2 167 | 10.26 | 3 813 | 10.90 | 837 | 15.86 |
中度 | 2 421 | 11.46 | 16 292 | 46.56 | 1 853 | 35.11 |
轻度 | 11 208 | 53.06 | 11 536 | 32.96 | 966 | 18.31 |
致残原因 | 先有视力残疾( n=1 870) | 视力与听力残疾同年发生( n=1 024) | 先有听力残疾( n=2 383) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
例数 | 构成比(%) | 例数 | 构成比(%) | 例数 | 构成比(%) | |
视力残疾致残原因 | ||||||
遗传性残疾 | 27 | 71.05 | 4 | 10.53 | 7 | 18.42 |
传染性疾病致残 | 133 | 54.29 | 35 | 14.29 | 77 | 31.43 |
非传染性疾病致残 | 1 636 | 34.05 | 930 | 19.36 | 2 238 | 46.59 |
创伤及伤害致残 | 16 | 44.44 | 14 | 38.89 | 6 | 16.67 |
原因不明及其他 | 58 | 37.66 | 41 | 26.62 | 55 | 35.71 |
听力残疾致残原因 | ||||||
遗传性残疾 | 6 | 21.43 | 3 | 10.71 | 19 | 67.86 |
发育缺陷非遗传性残疾 | 76 | 27.24 | 73 | 26.16 | 130 | 46.59 |
传染性疾病致残 | 88 | 24.24 | 55 | 15.15 | 220 | 60.61 |
非传染性疾病致残 | 1 539 | 38.08 | 804 | 19.90 | 1 698 | 42.02 |
创伤及伤害致残 | 28 | 20.29 | 25 | 18.12 | 85 | 61.59 |
原因不明及其他 | 133 | 31.07 | 64 | 14.95 | 231 | 53.97 |
变量 | OR值(95% CI) | P值 |
---|---|---|
调查时年龄(岁) | ||
65~<75 | 1.00 | |
75~<85 | 3.68(3.44~3.94) | <0.001 |
≥85 | 9.12(8.37~9.93) | <0.001 |
性别 | ||
女性 | 1.00 | |
男性 | 0.96(0.90~1.03) | 0.254 |
受教育程度 | ||
小学及以上 | 1.00 | |
小学以下 | 0.65(0.61~0.70) | <0.001 |
婚姻状况 | ||
无配偶 | 1.00 | |
有配偶 | 0.68(0.64~0.72) | <0.001 |
居住地 | ||
乡村 | 1.00 | |
城镇 | 0.77(0.71~0.82) | <0.001 |
户人均收入 | ||
低于或等于平均 | 1.00 | |
高于平均 | 0.73(0.68~0.78) | <0.001 |
地区 | ||
中部 | 1.00 | |
东部 | 1.07(1.00~1.15) | 0.062 |
西部 | 1.39(1.30~1.50) | <0.001 |
截距 | 0.02(0.01~0.02) | <0.001 |
注:因变量为是否视听共残(0=否,1=是)

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