综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
原发性闭角型青光眼发病因素的再认识
马明利
孙静波 [综述]
原慧萍 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200812-00586
New understandings of the pathogenesis of primary angle-closure glaucoma
Ma Mingli
Sun Jingbo
Yuan Huiping
Authors Info & Affiliations
Ma Mingli
Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Sun Jingbo
Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
Yuan Huiping
Department of Ophthalmology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200812-00586
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摘要

原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)目前仍是我国常见的致盲眼病之一,因为其视力丧失的不可逆性,所以早期影响青光眼发生和发展的因素倍受关注。人们对浅前房、短眼轴、厚虹膜及大而前置的晶状体等高危眼前节静态解剖结构的认识并不能完全解释PACG转化的过程,所以要进一步考虑眼部结构动态改变在青光眼发生和发展中的具体作用。本文阐述了正常人和PACG患者虹膜体积和弹性的动态变化过程,晶状体在眼球发育过程中与眼球内结构的不协调性,睫状体、玻璃体和脉络膜发生的动态阻滞与扩张,以及眼部神经和血管系统异常调节及变化与PACG发病之间关系的最新研究,以期为深刻认识PACG的发病机制、临床的精准诊断和治疗策略的制定提供指导。

闭角型青光眼;虹膜;晶状体;睫状体;脉络膜;动态变化;发病因素;可疑原发性房角关闭
ABSTRACT

Primary angle-closure glaucoma (PACG) is still one of the common blinding eye diseases in China.Because of the irreversibility of the vision loss it caused, the factors affecting the early development of glaucoma are of great concern.The understanding of static anatomic structure of high-risk anterior segment, such as shallow anterior chamber, short axial length, thick iris and large anterior lens cannot fully explain the transformation process of PACG, so the specific role of dynamic changes in the development of glaucoma should be further considered.This article expounded the differences in iris volume and dynamic process of elasticity between normal people and patients with PACG, the incoordination between lens and intraocular structure during eyeball development, the dynamic block and expansion of ciliary body, vitreous and choroid, and the latest research on the relationship between the abnormal ocular nerve and vascular system adjustment and change with the onset of PACG, in order to provide guidance for understanding the pathogenesis of PACG, accurate clinical diagnosis and formulation of treatment strategies.

Glaucoma, angle-closure;Iris;Lens, crystalline;Ciliary body;Choroid;Dynamic change;Pathogenic factors;Primary angle closure suspect
Yuan Huiping, Email: mocdef.6ab21phnauy
引用本文

马明利,孙静波,原慧萍. 原发性闭角型青光眼发病因素的再认识[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(02):188-191.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200812-00586

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原发性闭角型青光眼(primary angle-closure glaucoma,PACG)是一组由于房角急性或慢性关闭引起眼压升高,继而导致视神经不可逆损伤,并逐渐进展至盲的疾病。房角关闭是由于将虹膜推向前的力和将虹膜拉向小梁网的力作用造成的。PACG房角关闭机制分为单纯瞳孔阻滞型、单纯非瞳孔阻滞型和混合型3种。在亚洲患者中,非瞳孔阻滞机制(例如高褶型虹膜)可能是房角关闭的重要原因[ 1 ]。中国与越南等群体研究表明,PACG发病机制以混合机制常见[ 2 , 3 ]。流行病学调查显示,目前中国40岁以上人群PACG患者达1 010万,已成为中国视觉健康领域严重的公共卫生问题之一[ 4 ]。一直以来公认的影响PACG发生和发展的危险因素主要有浅前房、短眼轴、厚虹膜及大而前置的晶状体等高危眼前节静态结构因素[ 5 ],但是在之后的随访中发现具有上述高危静态因素的可疑原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure suspect,PACS)仅部分能转化成PACG[ 6 ]。PACS患者是具有向PACG患者进展的高危静态眼前节结构的人群,5年内进展为原发性房角关闭(primary angle closure,PAC)的概率仅为22%,并且5年内未进展为PACG[ 7 ]。而另一项为期10年的对具有高危解剖因素人群的随访研究中发现仅1/10会进展为PACG[ 8 ],可见解剖结构并不能完全解释PACG发生和发展的病理生理过程,应进一步考虑其动态变化,虹膜、晶状体、玻璃体和脉络膜等眼部结构均在眼部的动态变化中起到重要作用。本文就影响PACG发病的虹膜、晶状体、玻璃体和脉络膜等眼部结构发生的动态变化进行阐述。
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原慧萍,Email:mocdef.6ab213102phnauy
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