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2017—2021年福建省外环境禽流感病毒监测
吴晶晶
林琦
张炎华
王金章
陈宏彬
鄢育青
翁育伟
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20220811-00176
Surveillance of environmental avian influenza virus in Fujian province, 2017-2021
Wu Jingjing
Lin Qi
Zhang Yanhua
Wang Jinzhang
Chen Hongbin
Yan Yuqing
Weng Yuwei
Authors Info & Affiliations
Wu Jingjing
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Lin Qi
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Zhang Yanhua
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Wang Jinzhang
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Chen Hongbin
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Yan Yuqing
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
Weng Yuwei
Fujian Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Fuzhou 350012, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20220811-00176
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摘要

目的分析2017—2021年福建省外环境禽流感病毒流行特点，为禽流感防控、预测工作提供参考。

方法在福建省6地市监测点的4类禽类相关不同场所进行6类不同类型标本的采样，采用荧光定量PCR法对环境标本进行A型、H5、H7和H9亚型核酸检测，并采用流行病学方法对检测结果进行分析。

结果2017—2021年共采集6个监测点标本4 214份，其中A型禽流感病毒阳性率为41.53%(1 750份)，H5、H7和H9亚型阳性率分别为2.33%(98份)、1.16%(49份)和23.16%(976份)，H5+H7亚型阳性率为0.05%(2份)，H5+H9亚型阳性率为1.83%(77份)，H7+H9亚型阳性率为0.83%(35份)，H5+H7+H9亚型阳性率为0.09%(4份)，A型阳性未分型的阳性率为12.08%(509份)。不同检测场所和不同类型标本A型阳性率的差异具有统计学意义( χ 2＝517.57, P<0.001; χ 2＝51.58, P<0.001)：城乡活禽市场的禽流感病毒阳性率最高(49.72%)；不同类型标本中笼具表面擦拭标本(48.09%)、清洗禽类的污水(47.34%)和宰杀或摆放禽肉案板表面(45.66%)的阳性率较高。不同地区监测点的A型阳性率差异具有统计学意义( χ 2＝458.34, P<0.001)：A型阳性率最高和最低的地市分别是三明市(56.00%)和漳州市(3.34%)。在时间分布方面，冬春季(11月至次年2月)和夏季(6~8月)的阳性率较高。

结论福建省禽流感病毒总体阳性率较高，以H9亚型为主，应重点加强冬春季和夏季禽流感病毒的监测，加强对城乡活禽市场的监管力度。

禽流感;外环境;禽流感病毒;监测
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of environmental samples of avian influenza virus in Fujian province from 2017 to 2021, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of avian influenza.

MethodsSix types of specimens were collected from four types of environments in six cities in Fujian province. And the specimens were subjected to nucleic acid detection for influenza A, subtypes H5, H7 and H9 by fluorescence quantitative PCR, and the results were analyzed statistically with descriptive epidemiological methods.

ResultsFrom 2017 to 2021, a total of 4 214 samples were collected from 6 cities, of which the positive rate of avian influenza virus was 41.53%, and the positive rates of H5, H7 and H9 subtypes were 2.33%, 1.16% and 23.16%, respectively. The positive rate for mixed subtypes of H5 and H7 was 0.05%, the positive rate for mixed subtypes of H5 and H9 was 1.83%, the positive rate for mixed subtypes of H7 and H9 was 0.83%, the positive rate for mixed subtypes of H5, H7 and H9 was 0.09%, and the positive rate of A-type unclassified was 12.08%. The difference in avian influenza virus detection among different monitoring places ( χ 2=517.57, P<0.001), different types of specimens( χ 2= 51.58, P<0.001), and different cities ( χ 2=458.34, P<0.001) was statistically significant. Among different monitoring places, the positive rate of avian influenza virus in urban and rural live poultry markets was the highest. The highest rate of positive detection was found in specimens from the cage surface, cleaning poultry sewage and poultry chopping board surface, with 48.09%, 47.34% and 45.66%, respectively. In terms of different cities, Sanming city had the highest positivity rate (56.00%), while Zhangzhou city had the lowest positivity rate(3.34%). And the positive rate was higher from November to February of the next year and June to August each year.

ConclusionsThe overall positive rate of avian influenza viruses in Fujian province was relatively high, with H9 subtype accounting for the main proportion. The monitoring of avian influenza viruses in winter, spring and summer should be strengthened. And effective measures should be taken to deal with avian influenza especially in urban and rural live poultry markets.

Avian influenza;External environment;Avian influenza virus;Surveillance
Weng Yuwei, Email: mocdef.nabuyilacdcjfwygnew, Tel: 0086-591-83723813
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引用本文

吴晶晶,林琦,张炎华,等. 2017—2021年福建省外环境禽流感病毒监测[J]. 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志,2023,37(01)：61-66.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112866-20220811-00176

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禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus, AIV)属于A型流感病毒(influenza virus A, FluA)，可通过野生禽类或家禽进行传播，导致禽类和人类共患病。根据AIV致病性的不同，可分为高致病性禽流感病毒(highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, HPAIV)和低致病性禽流感病毒(low pathogenic avian influenza virus, LPAIV) [ 1 ]。目前，已报道人可以直接感染AIV的亚型主要有H5、H7、H9等，其中H5和H7亚型AIV可以引起人类较高的致死率，对禽类养殖行业和公共卫生安全造成极大影响。国内不同地区已多次报道人感染AIV的事件：1997年中国香港暴发人感染H5N1疫情及死亡病例；2013年在上海市和安徽省首次报道人感染H7N9事件，随后国内发生了人感染H7N9的5波疫情 [ 2 ]；2014年四川省报道了首例人感染H5N6病例 [ 3 ]。研究表明，2017年2月广东省报道全球首例人感染HPAIV H7N9病例，且该新型HPAIV H7N9随后在中国8个省份的家禽养殖场引起疫情暴发 [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]。福建省于2013年首次报道人感染LPAIV H7N9病例 [ 7 ]，于2017年首次报道人感染HPAIV H7N9病例 [ 6 ]，并于2017年12月首次报道人感染HPAIV H5N6病例 [ 8 ]，截至目前已导致了多例死亡病例。资料表明，人与禽的接触或人与禽类相关环境的接触是人类感染AIV的主要途径，多种亚型AIV在禽类和野生鸟类相关环境中持续共存 [ 9 ]，因此对禽类及相关环境的监控能对禽流感的流行、预测和防控提供重要参考价值。本研究为了解近年来福建省AIV的流行病学特征和变化规律，不同时间和地区分布特征等，现对2017—2021年外环境AIV监测数据进行收集和分析。
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备注信息
A
翁育伟，Email: mocdef.nabuyilacdcjfwygnew，电话：0591-83723813
B

吴晶晶：实验操作、数据整理和分析、论文撰写；林琦、张炎华：参与实验、数据分析；王金章：数据分析、论文审阅；陈宏彬、鄢育青：采集数据、参与实验；翁育伟：研究指导、论文审阅、经费支持

C
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
D
福建省卫生健康中青年科研重大项目 (2021ZQNZD006)
福建省科技创新平台建设项目 (2019Y2001)
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