高级检索
中华预防医学杂志
期刊首页
过刊列表
高级检索
稿件发表
• 述评 •
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
纠正生长发育不平衡 预防儿童青少年重要共病
宋逸
马军
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221006-00962
Correct the imbalance of growth and development and prevent important comorbidities of children and adolescents
Song Yi
Ma Jun
Authors Info & Affiliations
Song Yi
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
Ma Jun
Institute of Child and Adolescent Health/School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221006-00962
1731
331
0
0
5
0
PDF下载
APP内阅读
摘要

儿童青少年生长发育存在一定的阶段性和连续性，在某些因素诱发下，其生长发育偏离正常规律和轨迹，可能会出现各系统不平衡的现象，甚至可导致重要共病的发生。儿童生长发育不平衡可能是导致儿童青少年肥胖、近视和心理问题等重要共病发生的内部因素，而环境改变与生长发育不匹配可能是其发生的外部因素。因此，需要在定期监测儿童青少年生长发育各项指标的基础上，找到其生长发育不平衡的影响因素，改善致病环境，揭示致病机制，从根本上预防重要共病的发生。

儿童;青少年;生长发育不平衡;共病
ABSTRACT

There are certain stages and continuities in the growth and development of children and adolescents. Under the induction of some factors, their growth and development may deviate from the normal pattern and trajectory, which may lead to an imbalance of various systems, and even result in the occurrence of significant comorbidities. The imbalance of children′s growth and development might be an internal factor leading to the occurrence of important comorbidities such as obesity, myopia and psychological problems in children and adolescents, while the mismatch between environmental changes and growth and development might be an external factor. Therefore, it is necessary to find the influencing factors of imbalance regarding growth and development based on regular monitoring of the growth and development indicators of children and adolescents, improve the pathogenic environment, reveal the behind mechanism, and fundamentally prevent the important comorbidities.

Child;Adolescent;Growth imbalance;Comorbidities
Ma Jun, Email: nc.defudabe.umjbtnujam
Copyright by Chinese Medical Association
No content published by the journals of Chinese Medical Association may be reproduced or abridged without authorization. Please do not use or copy the layout and design of the journals without permission.
All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.
引用本文

宋逸,马军. 纠正生长发育不平衡 预防儿童青少年重要共病[J]. 中华预防医学杂志,2023,57(04)：451-456.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221006-00962

PERMISSIONS

Request permissions for this article from CCC.

评价本文
*以上评分为匿名评价

版权归中华医学会所有。

未经授权，不得转载、摘编本刊文章，不得使用本刊的版式设计。

除非特别声明，本刊刊出的所有文章不代表中华医学会和本刊编委会的观点。

儿童青少年生长发育是复杂的生物学现象，是多系统共同参与的过程，涉及生理功能、体格指标、体能素质、认知功能成熟、社会化发展诸多方面 ［ 1 ］ 。儿童青少年生长发育过程存在以下规律：首先，机体按照一般规律正常生长发育，使得发育水平达到一定的成熟度，以完成相应的发育任务；其次，生长发育存在一定的阶段性和连续性，阶段性表现在前一阶段能够为后一阶段的发育准备基础，连续性表现在生长发育过程会遵循正常轨迹而不偏离；最后，机体各方面的生长发育虽不同时发生，但相互协调，整体平衡。个体只有在形态、生理功能、心理素质等方面均达到成年水平才标志着机体成熟，其生长发育进程得以平稳有序完成 ［ 2 ］ 。因此，应该将儿童青少年生长发育的各个方面视为有关联的，相互依赖的，其中任何一方面都不应出现滞后或偏离。
儿童青少年生长发育不平衡是指在某些因素诱发下，儿童青少年生长发育进程部分偏离正常发育规律和轨迹，从而导致各系统、各部分之间不协调，整体失衡的现象。以体格发育和行为发育为例，约有5%~6%的儿童存在发育协调障碍，表现为运动技能发育迟缓或协调运动困难，这些儿童在运动时动作笨拙、不协调，难以完成日常任务 ［ 3 ］ ，可导致读写困难、社交能力下降、产生抑郁自卑心理等问题 ［ 4 , 5 ］ ，对于家庭生活质量和父母心理健康也会造成负面影响 ［ 6 ］ 。以儿童青少年身高生长和体重增长为例，当体重增加超过身高生长轨迹时，就会引起生长不平衡，表现为体脂增加过多，进而成为成年期血脂水平异常的诱因 ［ 7 ］ 。
健康和疾病的发育起源（developmental origins of health and disease，DOHaD）学说指出，宫内营养不良的环境会迫使胎儿做出“预知适应性反应”，提前调整机体的组织结构和生理代谢功能，以适应出生后乃至成年的生存环境，如出生后真实环境与适应性反应不符，就会影响机体代谢功能和健康 ［ 8 , 9 , 10 ］ 。同理，在生长发育时期，如果出现外部环境与内在生长发育速度不匹配，也会使得生长发育出现不平衡的情况，成为儿童青少年许多重要共病的原因之一。
试读结束，您可以通过登录机构账户或个人账户后获取全文阅读权限。
参考文献
[1]
朱旭东,李秀云. 论儿童全面发展概念的多学科内涵建构[J]. 华东师范大学学报(教育科学版), 2022,40(2):1-16.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[2]
马军,宋逸. 儿童少年卫生学教程[M]. 北京:北京大学医学出版社: 2021.
返回引文位置
[3]
Blank R , Barnett AL , Cairney J ,et al. International clinical practice recommendations on the definition, diagnosis, assessment, intervention, and psychosocial aspects of developmental coordination disorder[J]. Dev Med Child Neurol, 2019,61(3):242-285. DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14132 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[4]
Baldi S , Caravale B , Presaghi F . Daily motor characteristics in children with developmental coordination disorder and in children with specific learning disorder[J]. Dyslexia, 2018,24(4):380-390. DOI: 10.1002/dys.1595 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[5]
Cheng HC , Chen JY , Tsai CL ,et al. Reading and writing performances of children 7-8 years of age with developmental coordination disorder in taiwan[J]. Res Dev Disabil, 2011,32(6):2589-2594. DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2011.06.017 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[6]
Cleaton M , Lorgelly PK , Kirby A . Developmental coordination disorder: the impact on the family[J]. Qual Life Res, 2019,28(4):925-934. DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-2075-1 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[7]
Zozaya C , Avila-Alvarez A , Couce ML ,et al. Cohort study showed that growth rate increment has not been enough to prevent growth retardation of preterm infants and raised concerns about unbalanced growth[J]. Acta Paediatr, 2019,108(10):1793-1800. DOI: 10.1111/apa.14819 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[8]
Barker DJ . The origins of the developmental origins theory[J]. J Intern Med, 2007,261(5):412-417. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[9]
Hales CN , Barker DJ . The thrifty phenotype hypothesis[J]. Br Med Bull, 2001,60:5-20. DOI: 10.1093/bmb/60.1.5 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[10]
Singhal A , Lucas A . Early origins of cardiovascular disease: is there a unifying hypothesis?[J]. Lancet, 2004,363(9421):1642-1645. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)16210-7 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[11]
Crespo PA , Nunes BP , Barros FC ,et al. Multimorbidity and simultaneity of health risk factors, from adolescence to early adulthood: 1993 Pelotas Birth Cohort [J]. Prev Med, 2022,155:106932. DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106932 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[12]
Ferro MA , Lipman EL , Van Lieshout RJ ,et al. Cohort Profile: Multimorbidity in Children and Youth Across the Life-course (MY LIFE) Study[J]. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2021,30(2):104-115.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[13]
Dong Y , Jan C , Ma Y ,et al. Economic development and the nutritional status of chinese school-aged children and adolescents from 1995 to 2014: an analysis of five successive national surveys[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2019,7(4):288-299. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30075-0 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[14]
曾碧荷,陆邦昊,颜超,等. 环境内分泌干扰物对儿童性早熟发病相关性的Meta分析[J]. 中国优生与遗传杂志, 2021,29(2):194-197.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[15]
王晓冰,张利科,邓秀静,等. 健康体检屈光不正未成年人群屈光状态和眼轴/角膜曲率的关系研究[J]. 医学临床研究, 2019,36(1):182-183. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-7171.2019.01.065 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[16]
高丽,李旭红,李添天. 5~14岁儿童屈光不正与年龄、眼轴长度及角膜表面形态的关系[J]. 保健医学研究与实践, 2022,19(1):26-29. DOI: 10.11986/j.issn.1673-873x.2022.01.006 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[17]
Yip VC , Pan CW , Lin XY ,et al. The relationship between growth spurts and myopia in singapore children[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2012,53(13):7961-7966. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10402 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[18]
李艳辉,杨招庚,董彬,等. 月经初潮/首次遗精与户外活动时间对学生视力的影响[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2018,39(10):1532-1535. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2018.10.026 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[19]
Xu R , Jan C , Song Y ,et al. The association b etween menarche and myopia and its interaction with related risk behaviors among chinese school-aged girls: a nationwide cross-sectional study [J]. J Dev Orig Health Dis, 2020,11(6):573-579. DOI: 10.1017/S204017442000077X .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[20]
Morgan IG , Wu PC , Ostrin LA ,et al. IMI risk factors for myopia[J]. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci, 2021,62(5):3. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.5.3 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[21]
Tounian P . Programming towards childhood obesity[J]. Ann Nutr Metab, 2011,58(Suppl 2):30-41. DOI: 10.1159/000328038 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[22]
Huang DY , Lanza HI , Wright-Volel K ,et al. Developmental trajectories of childhood obesity and risk behaviors in adolescence[J]. J Adolesc, 2013,36(1):139-148. DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.10.005 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[23]
Heindel JJ , Blumberg B . Environmental obesogens: mechanisms and controversies[J]. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol, 2019,59:89-106. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010818-021304 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[24]
Pan XF , Wang L , Pan A . Epidemiology and determinants of obesity in china[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2021,9(6):373-392. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(21)00045-0 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[25]
Jebeile H , Kelly AS , O′Malley G ,et al. Obesity in children and adolescents: epidemiology, causes, assessment, and management[J]. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol, 2022,10(5):351-365. DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(22)00047-X .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[26]
Dong Y , Lau PWC , Dong B ,et al. Trends in physical fitness, growth, and nutritional status of Chinese children and adolescents: a retrospective analysis of 1·5 million stud ents from six successive national surveys between 1985 and 2014 [J]. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2019,3(12):871-880. DOI: 10.1016/S2352-4642(19)30302-5 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[27]
李文灏,周双,冯向先,等. 三座城市8~10岁儿童营养状况与体能的关系[J]. 中国学校卫生, 2020,41(7):1052-1054. DOI: 10.16835/j.cnki.1000-9817.2020.07.026 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[28]
Galvis V , López-Jaramillo P , Tello A ,et al. Is myopia another clinical manifestation of insulin resistance?[J]. Med Hypotheses, 2016,90:32-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2016.02.006 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[29]
WHO. Health for the world′s adolescents: a second chance in the second decade: summary[R]. Geneva: WHO Department of Maternal Newborn Child & Adolescent Health , 2014.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[30]
Dick B , Ferguson BJ . Health for the world′s adolescents: a second chance in the second decade[J]. J Adolesc Health, 2015,56(1):3-6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.10.260 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[31]
Hargreaves D , Mates E , Menon P ,et al. Strategies and interventions for healthy adolescent growth, nutrition, and development[J]. Lancet, 2022,399(10320):198-210. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01593-2 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[32]
Liu Z , Gao P , Gao AY ,et al. Effectiveness of a Multifaceted Intervention for Prevention of Obesity in Primary School Children in China: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial[J]. JAMA Pediatr, 2022,176(1):e214375. DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4375 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[33]
董彦会,陈力,刘婕妤,等. 1985—2019年中国7~18岁儿童青少年超重与肥胖的流行趋势及预测研究[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):461-469. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220906-00881 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[34]
钟盼亮,马宁,刘云飞,等. 2010—2019年中国7~18岁汉族儿童青少年近视的流行趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):479-485. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221008-00964 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[35]
刘婕妤,钟盼亮,马宁,等. 2010—2019年中国7~18岁汉族儿童青少年营养不良的流行趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):470-478. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220914-00897 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[36]
陈力,张奕,马涛,等. 2010—2019年中国7~17岁汉族儿童青少年正常高值血压和血压偏高的流行趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):499-507. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220901-00859 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[37]
马宁,师嫡,蔡珊,等. 2010—2019年中国9~18岁汉族女生月经初潮年龄的变化趋势[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):486-491. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220905-00872 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[38]
师嫡,马宁,刘云飞,等. 2010—2019年中国11~18岁汉族男生首次遗精年龄长期趋势及其与营养状况关联的研究[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023,57(4):492-498. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20220905-00870 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
备注信息
A
马军，Email： nc.defudabe.umjbtnujam
B
宋逸, 马军. 纠正生长发育不平衡 预防儿童青少年重要共病[J]. 中华预防医学杂志, 2023, 57(4): 451-456. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20221006-00962.
C
所有作者声明无利益冲突
D
首都卫生发展科研专项 (2022-1G-4251)
评论 （0条）
注册
登录
时间排序
暂无评论，发表第一条评论抢沙发
MedAI助手（体验版）
文档即答
智问智答
机器翻译
回答内容由人工智能生成，我社无法保证其准确性和完整性，该生成内容不代表我们的态度或观点，仅供参考。
生成快照
文献快照

你好，我可以帮助您更好的了解本文，请向我提问您关注的问题。

0/2000

《中华医学会杂志社用户协议》 | 《隐私政策》

《SparkDesk 用户协议》 | 《SparkDesk 隐私政策》

网信算备340104764864601230055号 | 网信算备340104726288401230013号

技术支持：

历史对话
本文全部
还没有聊天记录
设置
模式
纯净模式沉浸模式
字号
小中大