关于加强儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预的倡议及实施方法共识(2023)

中华预防医学会公共卫生眼科分会; 北京预防医学会公共卫生眼科学专委会

doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230102-00002

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中华实验眼科杂志

• 标准与规范 •

ENGLISH ABSTRACT

关于加强儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预的倡议及实施方法共识(2023)

用眼行为干预人群大处方

作者及单位信息

出版日期： 2023 -04 -10 ·

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230102-00002

Consensus on enhancing eye-use behavior interventions for myopia prevention and control of children and adolescents (2023)

an extraordinary prescription for eye-use behavior intervention

Authors Info & Affiliations

Public Health Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association

Public Health Ophthalmology Specialty Committee of Beijing Preventive Medicine Association

Wang Ningli

Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China

Published： 2023 -04 -10 ·

DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230102-00002

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摘要

近视发生的低龄化趋势及高度近视患病率升高已成为危害我国儿童青少年眼健康的重大公共卫生问题，给我国的社会公共卫生工作造成沉重的负担和经济损失，降低儿童青少年近视的发生及进展是我国提出的战略目标。儿童青少年近视是一种多因素眼病，涉及教育过程、学习环境、学习用具和学生用眼行为等。近年来的研究发现，儿童青少年用眼行为干预更符合眼和身心健康的自然规律。中华预防医学会公共卫生眼科分会　北京预防医学会公共卫生眼科学专委会针对目前儿童青少年近视防控过程中存在的问题，经广泛调查研究并总结相关的实践经验，讨论形成《关于加强儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预的倡议及实施方法共识(2023)》，提出儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预大处方，具体措施包括儿童青少年近视防控预警系统的建立和使用、儿童青少年学习过程中的用眼方法、户外活动行为监督、家校对近视预防机制的联动、儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预大处方的科普宣教等，从卫生经济学和卫生保健的角度提出最经济、更合理、安全有效、易普及、可推广的近视防控措施。

关键词：近视/防控;儿童;青少年;用眼行为;卫生经济学;卫生保健;专家共识

ABSTRACT

The trend of onset of myopia at a younger age and the increasing prevalence of high myopia have become a major public health problem that endangers the eye health of children and adolescents, causing heavy burdens and economic losses to China's social public health service.Reducing the incidence and progression of myopia in children and adolescents is a national strategic goal.Myopia in children and adolescents is a multifactorial eye disease, which involves the educational process, study environment, learning-related equipment and students' eye-use behavior.Recent studies showed that eye-care habits managements for myopia prevention and control are more consistent with the natural course of eye and physical and mental health in children and adolescents.Based on the extensive research and summary of the relevant practical experience, the Public Health Ophthalmology Branch of Chinese Preventive Medicine Association, and the Public Health Ophthalmology Specialty Committee of Beijing Preventive Medicine Association, in response to the current problems in the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents, discussed and formed the Consensus on enhancing eye-use behavior interventions for myopia prevention and control of children and adolescents (2023), which proposed an extraordinary prescription for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents.Specific measures proposed by the consensus include the establishment and use of an early warning system for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents, eye-care methods during the study of children and adolescents, supervision of outdoor activities, the cooperation of home and school in myopia prevention, and popularization and education of the extraordinary prescription for myopia prevention and control among children and adolescents and their parents.This consensus proposes myopia prevention and control measures that are more economical, reasonable, safe and effective, easy to popularize and promote.

KEYWORDS： Myopia/prevention & control;Child;Adolescent;Eye-use behavior;Health economics;Health care;Consensus

Corresponding author: Wang Ningli, Email: mocdef.3ab61.pivilgninw Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Science Key Laboratory, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China

FUNDING:

National Natural Science Foundation of China（82071000）

Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Province（JQ20029）

The Capital Health Research and Development of Special（2020-2-1081）

COPYRIGHTS:

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All articles published represent the opinions of the authors, and do not reflect the official policy of the Chinese Medical Association or the Editorial Board, unless this is clearly specified.

引用本文

中华预防医学会公共卫生眼科分会,北京预防医学会公共卫生眼科学专委会. 关于加强儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预的倡议及实施方法共识(2023) : 用眼行为干预人群大处方[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(04)：297-302.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230102-00002

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近视已成为危害我国儿童青少年眼健康的重大公共卫生问题。国家卫生健康委员会发布的数据显示，2020年我国儿童青少年总体近视率为52.7%，其中6岁儿童、小学生、初中生及高中生近视率逐渐升高，分别为14.3%、35.6%、71.1%及80.5%。近视影响儿童青少年的身心健康，高度近视还会引起严重的眼底并发症 ^{[
1
,

2
]}。我国儿童青少年近视呈现发病低龄化、患病率高、近视程度深的特点，大大增加了视觉损害的风险，不仅给社会公共卫生工作造成沉重的负担 ^{[
3
,

4
]}，也给国家的经济建设和安全防卫工作带来严重挑战，采取有效措施预防近视的发生、减缓近视的进展具有重要意义。研究表明，增加儿童青少年的户外活动、减少持续的长时间近距离用眼等是近视防控的主要措施 ^{[
5
,

6
,

7
,

8
]}，但如何对儿童青少年的户外活动质量进行评估或监督以提高防控效率仍然存在技术性问题。近年来，越来越多的研究者采用短信、微信等新媒体沟通方式督促儿童青少年每天多坚持户外活动或进行近视防控知识的宣传教育，结果表明对儿童青少年进行近视防控相关的行为干预效果良好 ^{[
9
,

10
]}，这也是世界卫生组织近期积极推进的近视干预方式 ^{[
11
]}。针对目前我国儿童青少年近视防控过程中存在的缺少统一、标准化、更符合经济效益比、简单易行的综合行为学干预方法这一瓶颈问题，中华预防医学会公共卫生眼科分会　北京预防医学会公共卫生眼科学专委会广泛调查相关问题，认真研究近视发生和发展的病理机制和影响因素，分析儿童青少年的心理、生理特性以及用眼习惯，结合快速进展的相关交叉学科技术，提出适宜在广大人群中推广的用眼行为干预大处方及具体实施方法，该初稿经各位专家背对背进行反复修改和完善，通过多轮讨论和完善形成《关于加强儿童青少年近视防控用眼行为干预的倡议及实施方法共识(2023)》(简称《共识》)。该《共识》中的用眼行为干预方法是一种经济、有效的措施，可行性强，在儿童青少年中用眼行为的干预可形成公共卫生层面具有普遍适用性的人群大处方，将促进家庭、学校、儿童青少年等落实各项近视防控措施。

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摘要
参考文献

参考文献

[1]

Saw SM ， Gazzard G ， Shih-Yen EC ，et al. Myopia and associated pathological complications[J]．Ophthalmic Physiol Opt， 2005，25(5)∶381－391. DOI： 10.1111/j.1475-1313.2005.00298.x .