综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
可见红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制及安全性研究进展
许文隽
康梦田 [综述]
王宁利 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211206-00674
Research progress on clinical effectiveness, mechanism and safety of visible red light irradiation in the treatment of myopia
Xu Wenjun
Kang Mengtian
Wang Ningli
Authors Info & Affiliations
Xu Wenjun
Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
Kang Mengtian
Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
Wang Ningli
Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing 100730, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211206-00674
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摘要

近年来,低强度600~670 nm红光照射治疗近视引起了研究者们的广泛关注,国内为期1年的多中心随机对照试验发现,红光治疗可以抑制儿童的眼轴增长和近视进展,然而其作用机制及安全性尚未完全明确。纵向色差理论可以解释红光照射在雏鸡和豚鼠中表现出的延缓近视作用,然而不同物种的研究存在差异,在灵长类动物中表现出相反的结果。研究表明,红光控制近视的可能机制包括:短暂增加脉络膜血流,改善巩膜缺氧;影响视锥细胞代谢信号通路;光照强度达到一定阈值可促进视网膜分泌多巴胺;影响昼夜节律;通过细胞色素C氧化酶减少氧化应激,促进细胞修复,抑制细胞凋亡。安全性方面,研究提示红光治疗存在双剂量效应:低强度、低剂量、短时间的红光照射尚未发现安全性事件,但需警惕过度照射引起感光细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞损伤。本文对红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制及安全性研究进展进行综述。

近视;疗法;安全性;红光;治疗机制
ABSTRACT

In recent years, treatment of myopia with low-intensity 600-670 nm red light irradiation has attracted extensive attention.A one-year multi-center clinical study in China showed that red light therapy can inhibit axial elongation and the progression of myopia in myopic children.Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism and long-term safety are still to be determined.The longitudinal chromatic aberration theory could explain its effect on retarding myopia in chicks and guinea pigs.However, studies on different species had inconsistent conclusions and even contrary results in primates.The possible mechanisms of its efficacy on myopia control include the temporary increasing choroidal blood flow to mitigate scleral hypoxia, affecting the metabolic signal pathway of cones, stimulating the retina to secrete dopamine through intensive irradiation, affecting circadian rhythm, and stimulating cytochrome C oxidase to reduce oxidative stress to promote cell repair and inhibit apoptosis.In terms of safety, studies revealed the biphasic dose response in red light therapy, that is to say, no adverse event has been reported for low-intensity, low-dose and short-time red light irradiation, but it is necessary to stay alert for photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium cell damage caused by excessive irradiation.This article reviewed the research progress on the clinical effectiveness, therapeutic mechanism and safety of red light irradiation in the treatment of myopia to provide a theoretical basis for its use in clinical treatment.

Myopia;Therapeutics;Safety;Red light;Therapeutic mechanism
Kang Mengtian, Email: mocdef.3ab61naitgnemgnak;
Wang Ningli, Email: mocdef.3ab61.pivilgninw
引用本文

许文隽,康梦田,王宁利. 可见红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制及安全性研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(04):398-404.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211206-00674

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近视是全球范围内常见的眼病,已成为影响儿童青少年视觉健康的重大公共卫生问题[ 1 ]。据调查研究显示,儿童青少年近视患病率和发病率随年龄增长逐年升高。2020年我国儿童青少年总体近视率达到52.7%,其中6岁以下儿童为14.3%,小学生为35.6%,初中生为71.1%,高中生为80.5%[ 2 , 3 , 4 ]。目前认为增加户外活动时间是最有效地延缓近视进展的方法,这可能与光照可以促进视网膜多巴胺分泌,日光可以促进体内维生素D的合成有关[ 5 , 6 , 7 ]。近年来,采用600~670 nm可见红光照射眼以延缓近视进展的方法受到研究者的广泛关注。1984年,Parrozzani等[ 8 ]首先提出使用闪烁红光刺激治疗儿童弱视。20世纪90年代,国内开始开展红光弱视治疗,并在治疗儿童近视性弱视和降低复发率方面取得了良好效果[ 9 ]。之后,我国也逐渐开展了红光治疗近视研究。夏静等[ 10 ]研究发现,>250 lx的530 nm绿光可抑制大鼠Müller细胞生长,并下调转化生长因子β1、酪氨酸羟化酶、诱导性一氧化氮合酶和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子的表达,影响近视的发生和发展。近年来,多个临床中心也开展了低强度激光疗法(low level laser therapy,LLLT)研究[ 11 , 12 ],发现650 nm可见红光每天2次、每次3 min的光照模式对控制近视进展、延缓眼轴增长方面有一定效果。LLLT治疗近视的潜在机制包括:通过改善脉络膜血流,降低巩膜缺氧率,增加脉络膜厚度,延缓眼轴生长;通过细胞色素C氧化酶和/或呼吸链复合体Ⅰ和Ⅱ减少氧化应激,促进细胞呼吸;影响视锥细胞代谢信号通路;光照强度达到一定阈值可促进视网膜分泌多巴胺,作用于特定视觉通路中的多巴胺受体,在眼屈光发育中发出"STOP"信号;通过改变昼夜节律,抑制褪黑素分泌。由于长波长的红光具有较强的穿透力,其在儿童中长期使用的安全性有待进一步验证。本文就可见红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制和安全性进行综述,以期为近视防控方案的制定提供参考。
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备注信息
A
康梦田,Email:mocdef.3ab61naitgnemgnak
B
王宁利,Email:mocdef.3ab61.pivilgninw
C
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
D
国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 (82201244)
北京市自然科学基金面上专项项目 (M22019)
北京市医院管理中心创新梦工场项目 (202106)
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