近年来,低强度600~670 nm红光照射治疗近视引起了研究者们的广泛关注,国内为期1年的多中心随机对照试验发现,红光治疗可以抑制儿童的眼轴增长和近视进展,然而其作用机制及安全性尚未完全明确。纵向色差理论可以解释红光照射在雏鸡和豚鼠中表现出的延缓近视作用,然而不同物种的研究存在差异,在灵长类动物中表现出相反的结果。研究表明,红光控制近视的可能机制包括:短暂增加脉络膜血流,改善巩膜缺氧;影响视锥细胞代谢信号通路;光照强度达到一定阈值可促进视网膜分泌多巴胺;影响昼夜节律;通过细胞色素C氧化酶减少氧化应激,促进细胞修复,抑制细胞凋亡。安全性方面,研究提示红光治疗存在双剂量效应:低强度、低剂量、短时间的红光照射尚未发现安全性事件,但需警惕过度照射引起感光细胞和视网膜色素上皮细胞损伤。本文对红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制及安全性研究进展进行综述。
In recent years, treatment of myopia with low-intensity 600-670 nm red light irradiation has attracted extensive attention.A one-year multi-center clinical study in China showed that red light therapy can inhibit axial elongation and the progression of myopia in myopic children.Nevertheless, the underlying mechanism and long-term safety are still to be determined.The longitudinal chromatic aberration theory could explain its effect on retarding myopia in chicks and guinea pigs.However, studies on different species had inconsistent conclusions and even contrary results in primates.The possible mechanisms of its efficacy on myopia control include the temporary increasing choroidal blood flow to mitigate scleral hypoxia, affecting the metabolic signal pathway of cones, stimulating the retina to secrete dopamine through intensive irradiation, affecting circadian rhythm, and stimulating cytochrome C oxidase to reduce oxidative stress to promote cell repair and inhibit apoptosis.In terms of safety, studies revealed the biphasic dose response in red light therapy, that is to say, no adverse event has been reported for low-intensity, low-dose and short-time red light irradiation, but it is necessary to stay alert for photoreceptor cell and retinal pigment epithelium cell damage caused by excessive irradiation.This article reviewed the research progress on the clinical effectiveness, therapeutic mechanism and safety of red light irradiation in the treatment of myopia to provide a theoretical basis for its use in clinical treatment.
许文隽,康梦田,王宁利. 可见红光照射治疗近视的临床有效性、作用机制及安全性研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(04):398-404.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211206-00674版权归中华医学会所有。
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