综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
血管内皮生长因子促后囊膜混浊形成机制研究进展
闫慧超
鲍永珍 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200315-00168
Advances in the role of vascular endothelial growth factor in the pathogenesis of posterior capsule opacification
Yan Huichao
Bao Yongzhen
Authors Info & Affiliations
Yan Huichao
Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China
Bao Yongzhen
Department of Ophthalmology & Clinical Center of Optometry, Peking University People's Hospital, Eye Diseases and Optometry Institute, Beijing Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Therapy of Retinal and Choroid Diseases, College of Optometry, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100044, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200315-00168
0
0
0
0
0
0
PDF下载
APP内阅读
摘要

尽管现代白内障手术技术不断发展完善,但后囊膜混浊(PCO)仍然是白内障术后导致视功能再次下降的常见远期并发症。既往研究表明,PCO的发生与前囊膜和赤道部的晶状体上皮细胞增生、迁移、上皮-间充质转化(EMT)以及肌成纤维细胞的纤维化密切相关。在机制研究方面,近期研究集中于细胞因子,尤其是各类生长因子在上述病理过程中的作用。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种能够促进血管内皮细胞增生、迁移、细胞外基质变性、血管生成的生长因子。此外,越来越多的证据表明VEGF是纤维化、炎症、神经保护等方面的重要细胞因子;近年来发现VEGF可以直接或与转化生长因子-β2协同促进PCO形成。本文从VEGF的功能及其与EMT的关系切入,就VEGF在眼组织中的作用及其在促进PCO形成中的作用机制进行综述。

白内障;囊膜混浊;血管内皮生长因子;上皮-间充质转化
ABSTRACT

Despite the continuous improvement and development of modern cataract surgery technology, posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is still the common long-term complication causing secondary visual acuity decline after cataract surgery.Previous studies have shown that the occurrence of PCO is closely related to the proliferation, migration, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and myofibroblast fibrosis of lens epithelial cells in the anterior capsule and lens equator.In terms of pathogenesis, recent research focuses on the role of cytokines, especially various growth factors.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a kind of growth factor that can promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and migration, extracellular matrix degeneration and angiogenesis.In addition, there is increasing evidence showing that VEGF plays an important role in fibrosis, inflammation, neuroprotection and other aspects.In recent years, VEGF has been found to promote PCO formation directly or cooperatively with transforming growth factor-β2.Based on the function of VEGF and the relationship between VEGF and EMT, this paper mainly reviewed the advances in the role of VEGF in the eye and the pathogenesis of posterior capsule opacification.

Cataract;Capsule opacification;Vascular endothelial growth factors;Epithelial-mesenchymal transition
Bao Yongzhen, Email: mocdef.aabniszyoabrd
引用本文

闫慧超,鲍永珍. 血管内皮生长因子促后囊膜混浊形成机制研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(06):592-597.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200315-00168

PERMISSIONS

Request permissions for this article from CCC.

评价本文
*以上评分为匿名评价
后囊膜混浊(posterior capsule opacification,PCO)是白内障囊外摘除手术及人工晶状体植入术后常见的远期并发症,也是白内障术后继发视力下降的主要原因 [ 1 ]。据统计,白内障囊外摘除术后1年约10%的患者发生PCO,术后2年增至20%~30% [ 2 , 3 ];成人术后2~5年PCO发生率为30%~50%,儿童发生率近100% [ 4 ]。由此可见,PCO增加了临床和社会经济负担。目前对于PCO的发病机制仍未完全阐明,晶状体上皮细胞(lens epithelial cells,LECs)的增生、迁移、上皮-间充质转化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)被认为是PCO的主要病理过程 [ 5 ]。众多细胞因子被证实参与此过程 [ 6 ];血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)可以促进血管内皮细胞生长、增生、迁移;研究发现VEGF广泛参与了眼部结构发育的生理过程及增生性疾病的病理过程,如年龄相关性黄斑变性、糖尿病视网膜病变、角膜及虹膜新生血管形成、青光眼滤过手术后瘢痕形成等 [ 7 , 8 ];近年来,亦有研究表明VEGF在PCO发生和发展中有一定作用 [ 9 ]。针对VEGF及其受体,研究者开发了相关靶向药物,目前临床上使用的药物包括贝伐单抗、雷珠单抗、阿柏西普等 [ 8 , 10 , 11 ]。一系列临床研究表明了这些眼部抗VEGF药物的有效性和安全性 [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ],抗VEGF药物在眼科临床的广泛应用使更多患者受益,药物的适应证也被逐渐拓宽 [ 8 ]。对于VEGF在PCO中作用的探讨可以为PCO的预防提供新思路,抗VEGF药物的"老药新用"或许能为患者节约成本,减轻临床及社会负担。本文就VEGF在PCO发病机制中的作用研究进展进行综述。
试读结束,您可以通过登录机构账户或个人账户后获取全文阅读权限。
参考文献
[1]
Wormstone IM Wang L Liu CS . Posterior capsule opacification[J]Exp Eye Res 200988(2)∶257269. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.10.016 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[2]
Awasthi N Wang-Su ST Wagner BJ . Downregulation of MMP-2 and -9 by proteasome inhibition:a possible mechanism to decrease LEC migration and prevent posterior capsular opacification[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 200849(5)∶19982003. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.07-0624 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[3]
Zhang Y Huang W Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1)-stimulated integrin-linked kinase (ILK) regulates migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human lens epithelial cells via nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)[J]Med Sci Monit 20182474247430. DOI: 10.12659/MSM.910601 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[4]
马海燕刘红玲傅少颖后发性白内障的发生机制及防治研究现状[J]现代生物医学进展 201414(28)∶5576-5578,5585. DOI: 10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2014.28.047 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
Ma HY Liu HL Fu SY et al. The occurrence mechanism and present situation of prevention and treatment of after cataract[J]Prog Modern Biomed 201414(28)∶5576-5578,5585. DOI: 10.13241/j.cnki.pmb.2014.28.047 .
Goto CitationGoogle Scholar
Baidu Scholar
Wanfang Data
[5]
Nibourg LM Gelens E Kuijer R et al. Prevention of posterior capsular opacification[J]Exp Eye Res 2015136100115. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.03.011 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[6]
包悦琪宋愈转化生长因子β在眼部纤维增生性疾病中的研究新进展[J]国际眼科杂志 202020(1)∶5256. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.1.12 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
Bao YQ Song Y New progress on transforming growth factor β in ocular fibroproliferative diseases[J]Int Eye Sci 202020(1)∶5256. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.1.12 .
Goto CitationGoogle Scholar
Baidu Scholar
Wanfang Data
[7]
Park SC Su D Tello C Anti-VEGF therapy for the treatment of glaucoma:a focus on ranibizumab and bevacizumab[J]Expert Opin Biol Ther 201212(12)∶16411647. DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2012.721772 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[8]
Pożarowska D Pożarowski P The era of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs in ophthalmology,VEGF and anti-VEGF therapy[J]Cent Eur J Immunol 201641(3)∶311316. DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2016.63132 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[9]
Eldred JA McDonald M Wilkes HS et al. Growth factor restriction impedes progression of wound healing following cataract surgery:identification of VEGF as a putative therapeutic target[J/OL]Sci Rep 2016624453[2022-06-10]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27076230/. DOI: 10.1038/srep24453 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[10]
Stewart MW . The expanding role of vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors in ophthalmology[J]Mayo Clin Proc 201287(1)∶7788. DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2011.10.001 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[11]
欧阳灵艺邢怡桥抗VEGF药物在湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性中的应用进展[J]国际眼科杂志 202020(1)∶7478. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.1.17 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
Ouyang LY Xing YQ . Current advance in the application of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor drugs in wet age-related macular degeneration[J]Int Eye Sci 202020(1)∶7478. DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.1672-5123.2020.1.17 .
Goto CitationGoogle Scholar
Baidu Scholar
Wanfang Data
[12]
Nguyen QD Brown DM Marcus DM et al. Ranibizumab for diabetic macular edema:results from 2 phase Ⅲ randomized trials:RISE and RIDE[J]Ophthalmology 2012119(4)∶789801. DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.12.039 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[13]
Solomon SD Lindsley K Vedula SS et al. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration[J/OL]Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20193(3)∶CD005139[2022-06-10]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30834517/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005139.pub4 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[14]
Sankar MJ Sankar J Chandra P Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drugs for treatment of retinopathy of prematurity[J/OL]Cochrane Database Syst Rev 20181(1)∶CD009734[2022-06-10]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29308602/. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD009734.pub3 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[15]
Bremond-Gignac D Investigational drugs for retinal vein occlusion[J]Expert Opin Investig Drugs 201625(7)∶841850. DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2016.1181750 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[16]
Ferrara N VEGF and the quest for tumour angiogenesis factors[J]Nat Rev Cancer 20022(10)∶795803. DOI: 10.1038/nrc909 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[17]
Ferrara N VEGF and intraocular neovascularization:from discovery to therapy[J/OL]Transl Vis Sci Technol 20165(2)∶10[2022-06-10]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26981332/. DOI: 10.1167/tvst.5.2.10 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[18]
Apte RS Chen DS Ferrara N VEGF in signaling and disease:beyond discovery and development[J]Cell 2019176(6)∶12481264. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.01.021 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[19]
Ferrara N Gerber HP LeCouter J The biology of VEGF and its receptors[J]Nat Med 20039(6)∶669676. DOI: 10.1038/nm0603-669 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[20]
Ferrara N Adamis AP . Ten years of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy[J]Nat Rev Drug Discov 201615(6)∶385403. DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2015.17 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[21]
Nahomi RB Nagaraj RH . The role of HIF-1α in the TGF-β2-mediated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition of human lens epithelial cells[J]J Cell Biochem 2018119(8)∶68146827. DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26877 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[22]
Gonzalez-Moreno O Lecanda J Green JE et al. VEGF elicits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like cells via an autocrine loop[J]Exp Cell Res 2010316(4)∶554567. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.020 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[23]
Luo M Hou L Li J et al. VEGF/NRP-1axis promotes progression of breast cancer via enhancement of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activation of NF-κB and β-catenin[J]Cancer Lett 2016373(1)∶111. DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.010 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[24]
Park GB Kim D Kim YS et al. The Epstein-Barr virus causes epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human corneal epithelial cells via Syk/src and Akt/Erk signaling pathways[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201455(3)∶17701779. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.13-12988 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[25]
Miyazono K Transforming growth factor-beta signaling in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and progression of cancer[J]Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci 200985(8)∶314323. DOI: 10.2183/pjab.85.314 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[26]
Wu D Kanda A Liu Y et al. Galectin-1 promotes choroidal neovascularization and subretinal fibrosis mediated via epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]FASEB J 201933(2)∶24982513. DOI: 10.1096/fj.201801227R .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[27]
Yang AD Camp ER Fan F et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 activation mediates epithelial to mesenchymal transition in human pancreatic carcinoma cells[J]Cancer Res 200666(1)∶4651. DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-3086 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[28]
Mak P Leav I Pursell B et al. ERbeta impedes prostate cancer EMT by destabilizing HIF-1alpha and inhibiting VEGF-mediated snail nuclear localization:implications for Gleason grading[J]Cancer Cell 201017(4)∶319332. DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2010.02.030 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[29]
Gonzalez-Moreno O Lecanda J Green JE et al. VEGF elicits epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN)-like cells via an autocrine loop[J]Exp Cell Res 2010316(4)∶554567. DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.11.020 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[30]
Adamis AP Shima DT . The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular health and disease[J]Retina 200525(2)∶111118. DOI: 10.1097/00006982-200502000-00001 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[31]
Krzystolik MG Afshari MA Adamis AP et al. Prevention of experimental choroidal neovascularization with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor antibody fragment[J]Arch Ophthalmol 2002120(3)∶338346. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.120.3.338 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[32]
Chang JH Garg NK Lunde E et al. Corneal neovascularization:an anti-VEGF therapy review[J]Surv Ophthalmol 201257(5)∶415429. DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2012.01.007 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[33]
Liu C Song Y Wang X et al. The key role of VEGF in the cross talk between pterygium and dry eye and its clinical significance[J]Ophthalmic Res 202063(3)∶320331. DOI: 10.1159/000503636 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[34]
Caplan ES Kesselheim AS . Anti-VEGF therapy in ophthalmology:a qualitative analysis of transformative drug development[J]Drug Discov Today 201621(6)∶10191026. DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2016.05.001 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[35]
Xiong Q Li Z Li Z et al. Anti-VEGF agents with or without antimetabolites in trabeculectomy for glaucoma:a meta-analysis[J/OL]PLoS One 20149(2)∶e88403[2022-06-11]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24523890/. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088403 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[36]
Andreoli CM Miller JW . Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy for ocular neovascular disease[J]Curr Opin Ophthalmol 200718(6)∶502508. DOI: 10.1097/ICU.0b013e3282f0ca54 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[37]
Saika S Yamanaka O Sumioka T et al. Fibrotic disorders in the eye:targets of gene therapy[J]Prog Retin Eye Res 200827(2)∶177196. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2007.12.002 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[38]
Wormstone IM Wormstone YM Smith AJO et al. Posterior capsule opacification:what's in the bag?[J/OL]Prog Retin Eye Res 202182100905[2022-05-10]https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S135094622030077X?via%3Dihub. DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100905 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[39]
Qin Y Zhu Y Luo F et al. Killing two birds with one stone:dual blockade of integrin and FGF signaling through targeting syndecan-4 in postoperative capsular opacification[J/OL]Cell Death Dis 20178(7)∶e2920[2022-06-11]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28703800/. DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.315 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[40]
Dong N Xu B Xu J EGF-mediated overexpression of myc attenuates miR-26b by recruiting HDAC3 to induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of lens epithelial cells[J/OL]Biomed Res Int 201820187148023[2022-06-12]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29977916/. DOI: 10.1155/2018/7148023 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[41]
Garcia CM Shui YB Kamath M et al. The function of VEGF-A in lens development:formation of the hyaloid capillary network and protection against transient nuclear cataracts[J]Exp Eye Res 200988(2)∶270276. DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2008.07.017 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[42]
Shui YB Wang X Hu JS et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression and signaling in the lens[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 200344(9)∶39113919. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.02-1226 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[43]
Beebe DC . Maintaining transparency:a review of the developmental physiology and pathophysiology of two avascular tissues[J]Semin Cell Dev Biol 200819(2)∶125133. DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2007.08.014 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[44]
Dawes LJ Duncan G Wormstone IM . Age-related differences in signaling efficiency of human lens cells underpin differential wound healing response rates following cataract surgery[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201354(1)∶333342. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-10425 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[45]
Jiang J Shihan MH Wang Y et al. Lens epithelial cells initiate an inflammatory response following cataract surgery[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201859(12)∶4986-4997. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-25067 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[46]
Wormstone IM Tamiya S Anderson I et al. TGF-beta2-induced matrix modification and cell transdifferentiation in the human lens capsular bag[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 200243(7)∶23012308.
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[47]
Gerarduzzi C Di Battista JA . Myofibroblast repair mechanisms post-inflammatory response:a fibrotic perspective[J]Inflamm Res 201766(6)∶451465. DOI: 10.1007/s00011-016-1019-x .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[48]
Cho HJ Baek KE Saika S et al. Snail is required for transforming growth factor-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition by activating PI3 kinase/Akt signal pathway[J]Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2007353(2)∶337343. DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.12.035 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[49]
Chen X Ye S Xiao W et al. ERK1/2 pathway mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition by cross-interacting with TGFβ/Smad and Jagged/Notch signaling pathways in lens epithelial cells[J]Int J Mol Med 201433(6)∶16641670. DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1723 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[50]
de Iongh RU Wederell E Lovicu FJ et al. Transforming growth factor-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in the lens:a model for cataract formation[J]Cells Tissues Organs 2005179(1-2)∶4355. DOI: 10.1159/000084508 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[51]
Eldred JA Dawes LJ Wormstone IM . The lens as a model for fibrotic disease[J]Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2011366(1568)∶13011319. DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0341 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[52]
Eldred JA Hodgkinson LM Dawes LJ et al. MMP2 activity is critical for TGFβ2-induced matrix contraction—implications for fibrosis[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201253(7)∶40854098. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.12-9457 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[53]
Wong TT Daniels JT Crowston JG et al. MMP inhibition prevents human lens epithelial cell migration and contraction of the lens capsule[J]Br J Ophthalmol 200488(7)∶868872. DOI: 10.1136/bjo.2003.034629 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[54]
McMahon S Charbonneau M Grandmont S et al. Transforming growth factor beta1 induces hypoxia-inducible factor-1 stabilization through selective inhibition of PHD2 expression[J/OL]J Biol Chem 2006281(34)∶2417124181[2022-06-13]https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16815840/. DOI: 10.1074/jbc.M604507200 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[55]
Basu RK Hubchak S Hayashida T et al. Interdependence of HIF-1α and TGF-β/Smad3 signaling in normoxic and hypoxic renal epithelial cell collagen expression[J]Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011300(4)∶F898905. DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00335.2010 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[56]
Siegfried CJ Shui YB Holekamp NM et al. Oxygen distribution in the human eye:relevance to the etiology of open-angle glaucoma after vitrectomy[J]Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 201051(11)∶57315738. DOI: 10.1167/iovs.10-5666 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
[57]
崔妙雅马丽张湘燕Smad7在TGF-β1/Smads通路介导的肺纤维化中的研究进展[J]现代医药卫生 202036(4)∶535538. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1009-5519.2020.04.016 .
返回引文位置Google Scholar
百度学术
万方数据
备注信息
A
鲍永珍,Email: mocdef.aabniszyoabrd
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家重点研发计划项目 (2020YFC2008200)
评论 (0条)
注册
登录
时间排序
暂无评论,发表第一条评论抢沙发
MedAI助手(体验版)
文档即答
智问智答
机器翻译
回答内容由人工智能生成,我社无法保证其准确性和完整性,该生成内容不代表我们的态度或观点,仅供参考。
生成快照
文献快照

你好,我可以帮助您更好的了解本文,请向我提问您关注的问题。

0/2000

《中华医学会杂志社用户协议》 | 《隐私政策》

《SparkDesk 用户协议》 | 《SparkDesk 隐私政策》

网信算备340104764864601230055号 | 网信算备340104726288401230013号

技术支持:

历史对话
本文全部
还没有聊天记录
设置
模式
纯净模式沉浸模式
字号