白内障是世界上主要的致盲眼病,其发生和发展的主要机制为晶状体的氧化应激损伤。大量抗氧化基因的表达受核因子E2相关因子2(Nrf2)调控,Nrf2氧化防御系统是机体抗氧化损伤的主要防御系统之一。Nrf2信号通路的活性受Kelch样ECH相关蛋白1(Keap1)调控,Keap1介导Nrf2蛋白降解使其通路的激活受到抑制——依赖Keap1的调控方式。不少研究提示Nrf2信号通路还受其他方式调控——非依赖Keap1的调控方式,例如Nrf2的磷酸化、乙酰化等蛋白修饰(PKC、PI3K/Akt、JNK和P300/CBP)以及表观遗传(启动子的甲基化、组蛋白修饰和微小RNA-144、-28和-34)。Nrf2及其下游抗氧化基因表达的减少在白内障的发生和发展中起重要作用。许多化合物,如桑色素、金丝桃苷、萝卜硫素、金樱子提取物、丁苯酞和乙酰左旋肉碱被证实可以通过激活Nrf2信号通路、上调其下游抗氧化基因的表达、抑制氧化应激反应,减轻晶状体上皮细胞的氧化损伤,从而达到抑制、减轻白内障的作用。本文就近年来关于Nrf2信号通路以及Nrf2激活剂与白内障的关系研究进行综述,以期为白内障的防治提供理论依据。
Cataract is the leading cause of blindness worldwide, and the common mechanism for its onset and development is oxidative damage to the lens.The expression of a large number of antioxidant genes is regulated by nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and the Nrf2 oxidative defense system is one of the main defense systems for antioxidant damage in the body.The activity of Nrf2 signaling pathway is primarily regulated by Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1), and Keap1 mediates Nrf2 protein degradation thereby inhibiting the activation of the Nrf2 pathway in a Keap1-dependent manner.Increasing research has revealed other mechanisms of Nrf2 regulation in a Keap1-independent manner, including phosphorylation and acetylation of Nrf2 (PKC, PI3K/Akt, JNK, and P300/CBP) and epigenetic factors (promoter methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs-144, -28 and -34). Reduced expression of Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes has been shown to play an important role in the onset and development of various types of cataracts.Many compounds, such as morin, hyperoside, sulforaphane, rosae laevigatae extract, 3-n-butylphthalide, and acetyl-L-carnitine, have been found to be able to upregulate the expression of antioxidant genes by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway to protect lens epithelial cells from oxidative stress to prevent or alleviate cataract.This article reviewed recent researches on Nrf2 signaling pathway and the relationship between Nrf2 activators and cataract to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of cataract.
陈月芹,薛春燕. Nrf2信号通路在白内障发生和发展中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(06):607-611.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210323-00200版权归中华医学会所有。
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