糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)是糖尿病的微血管并发症之一,是我国50岁以上人群的重要致盲因素。目前主要通过各种光学方法检测视网膜血管病变评估DR的进展。然而,DR患者也常伴有视觉传导通路的微结构及功能的变化,且其发生可能早于视网膜血管病变。功能磁共振成像技术(fMRI)可实现眼部血流生物学参数以及视觉通路功能检测,并具有无创、精准定位、可重复性强等优点。fMRI包括磁共振灌注成像(PWI)、基于体素的形态学分析(VBM)、磁共振波谱(MRS)、弥散加权成像(DWI)、血氧水平依赖性功能磁共振成像(BOLD-fMRI)。PWI可用于研究DR的早期视网膜病变,其中锰离子增强磁共振成像用于检测DR早期视网膜、脉络膜活性;动脉自旋标记技术用于检测眼部血流量变化。VBM用于检测DR脑灰质改变。MRS通过计算代谢物质的峰值反映DR脑组织生化反应;DWI通过表观扩散系数反映DR脑损伤情况;BOLD-fMRI用于检测DR脑神经元活动、脑网络功能的变化。本文将对fMRI在DR视觉通路功能评估中的作用研究进展进行综述。
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), one of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus, is an important blinding disease in people over 50 years old.Various optical methods are used to detect retinal angiopathy and evaluate the progress of DR.However, there are also changes in microstructure and function of visual pathways in DR patients, which may occur earlier than retinal angiopathy.Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can detect ocular blood flow biological parameters and visual pathway function, and has the advantages of noninvasive procedure, precise positioning and high repeatability.fMRI includes perfusion-weighted MRI (PWI), voxel-based morphometry (VBM), magnetic resonance spectrum (MRS), diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI), and blood oxygen level-dependent fMRI (BOLD-fMRI). PWI can be used to investigate the early retinopathy of DR, and manganese-enhanced MRI can be used to explore the changes of retina and choroid activity in the early stage of DR.Arterial spin labeling can be used to detect ocular blood flow.VBM is able to detect changes in gray matter.MRS can be used to detect biochemical reactions of the cerebrum by calculating the peak value of metabolites.DWI reflects brain injury by apparent diffusion coefficients.BOLD-fMRI is used to detect changes in the brain neuron activity and brain network function of DR.In this paper, the role of fMRI in the functional evaluation of visual pathways in DR was reviewed.
孟祥达,颜华. 功能磁共振成像技术在糖尿病视网膜病变视觉通路功能评估中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(07):683-687.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211130-00663版权归中华医学会所有。
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