综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
阿达木单抗在非感染性葡萄膜炎中的疗效及安全性评估研究进展
郭琦
王延东 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210705-00394
Recent advances in efficacy and safety evaluation of adalimumab in non-infectious uveitis
Guo Qi
Wang Yandong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Guo Qi
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
Wang Yandong
State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou 510060, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210705-00394
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摘要

非感染性葡萄膜炎是由慢性炎症及其并发症引起的潜在威胁视力的眼部疾病,通常采用局部和/或全身糖皮质激素和/或免疫抑制药物治疗。对常规疗法无效或效果差的患者可以选用肿瘤坏死因子-α抑制剂。阿达木单抗是一种重组全人源单克隆抗体,在葡萄膜炎治疗中应用广泛。在多项前瞻性和回顾性研究中,阿达木单抗已被证实对非感染性葡萄膜炎的治疗有效,而且其对多种全身疾病相关的非感染性葡萄膜炎的治疗也安全有效。阿达木单抗在儿童青少年、妊娠期妇女、哺乳期妇女等特殊患者人群中的疗效明确,不良反应可以耐受。阿达木单抗的长期用药安全性较稳定,至今未发现新的不良事件。与其他抗肿瘤坏死因子-α药物相比,阿达木单抗疗效明确且耐受性更好。本文就阿达木单抗治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎的疗效及安全性进行综述。

阿达木单抗;非感染性葡萄膜炎;功效;安全性
ABSTRACT

Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) is a serious sight-threatening disease caused by chronic inflammation and its complications.First-line treatment of NIU consists of topical and/or systemic corticosteroids and/or immunosuppressive drugs.Tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors are recommended in cases of ineffectiveness or intolerance to conventional treatment of NIU.Adalimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody that is widely used in the treatment of uveitis.Adalimumab is very effective in the treatment of NIU in several prospective and retrospective studies.Adalimumab has also been shown to be safe and effective in the treatment of NIU associated with various systemic diseases in many studies.The application of adalimumab in children, pregnant women, lactating women and other special populations has shown clear efficacy and acceptable side effects.The long-term safety of adalimumab is relatively stable, and no new adverse events have been reported.Compared with other tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors, adalimumab also has a clear efficacy and better tolerability.This article reviewed the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in the treatment of NIU.

Adalimumab;Non-infection uveitis;Efficacy;Safety
Wang Yandong, Email: mocdef.cabozzggnodnaygnaw
引用本文

郭琦,王延东. 阿达木单抗在非感染性葡萄膜炎中的疗效及安全性评估研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(07):708-712.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210705-00394

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葡萄膜炎是一种常见眼病,是视力不可逆损伤甚至盲的主要原因之一,占全世界视力障碍的5%~10% [ 1 ]。据估计,葡萄膜炎的发病率为每年17~52例/100 000人 [ 2 ],并且有大约35%的葡萄膜炎患者最终会致盲 [ 1 ]。葡萄膜炎是一种眼内炎症过程,在解剖学上分为前葡萄膜炎(包括虹膜炎、虹膜睫状体炎和前部睫状体炎)、中间葡萄膜炎、后葡萄膜炎和累及整个葡萄膜的全葡萄膜炎,根据发病原因可将其分为感染性和非感染性葡萄膜炎 [ 3 ]
非感染性葡萄膜炎通常采用局部和/或全身糖皮质激素治疗。对于炎症持续存在或严重炎症的患者,可能还需要加用抗炎或免疫抑制药物,如抗代谢药和/或钙调磷酸酶拮抗剂。但是,免疫抑制药物治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎的失败率仍有30% [ 4 ]。当常规免疫抑制药物无效或者不耐受时,可以选择生物疗法。肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)-α抑制剂是目前广泛使用的药物 [ 4 , 5 ]
TNF-α是一种天然存在的细胞因子,参与炎症和免疫反应。TNF-α可与虹膜、睫状体、视网膜色素上皮和视网膜中表达的TNF受体1、2结合,导致细胞凋亡、细胞增生、分化、炎症等 [ 5 ]。TNF-α靶向抑制剂广泛应用于多种炎症性疾病的治疗,包括类风湿关节炎、强直性脊柱炎、银屑病、葡萄膜炎等。
阿达木单抗是一种重组全人源单克隆抗体,可与TNF-α特异性结合,阻断其与p55和p75细胞表面TNF-α受体的结合。在补体存在的情况下,阿达木单抗可在体外溶解表面TNF表达细胞。阿达木单抗还可以调节由TNF-α介导或调控的生物学效应,包括抑制内皮细胞黏附分子-1、血管细胞黏附分子-1和细胞间黏附分子-1等黏附分子(半抑制浓度为0.1~0.2 nmol/L)的水平,从而调节白细胞的游走 [ 6 , 7 ]。2016年,阿达木单抗已被美国食品药品监督管理局和欧洲药品管理局批准用于治疗对糖皮质激素应答不充分、需要节制使用糖皮质激素、或不适合进行糖皮质激素治疗的成年非感染性中间葡萄膜炎、后葡萄膜炎和全葡萄膜炎患者。2020年3月,中国国家药品监督管理局也批准阿达木单抗用于这一适应证。本文就阿达木单抗治疗非感染性葡萄膜炎的疗效及安全性进行综述。
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王延东,Email: mocdef.cabozzggnodnaygnaw
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