综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
屈光手术联合预防性角膜胶原交联矫正屈光不正的疗效及安全性研究进展
莫菲
李莹 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220624-00295
Efficacy and safety of refractive surgery combined with prophylactic collagen cross-linking for ametropia
Mo Fei
Li Ying
Authors Info & Affiliations
Mo Fei
Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Li Ying
Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220624-00295
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摘要

角膜屈光手术是一种安全、有效的屈光不正矫正方式。尽管因术后角膜组织完整性改变,导致角膜生物力学稳定性下降,但术后角膜结构绝大多数是安全的。如果术前存在危险因素,如屈光度数高、角膜薄、角膜地形图形态欠规则、散光度数高、双眼对称性差、过敏体质、有揉眼习惯等,术后有可能发生屈光回退和角膜膨隆。角膜胶原交联术可增强角膜生物力学,有效阻止角膜膨隆、圆锥角膜或其他扩张性疾病的发生和发展。近年来,国内外一些研究者相继尝试一种新型的屈光手术设计,即角膜屈光手术联合预防性角膜胶原交联术,以期改善屈光术后角膜的生物力学稳定性,进而潜在预防角膜扩张和屈光回退。多项研究已经观察到联合手术具有良好的视力和屈光预后,尤其是对于术前评估角膜存在相对扩张风险的患者。本文将主要从有效性、安全性、可预测性、稳定性及并发症5个方面综述该联合手术矫治屈光不正的疗效及安全性。

屈光不正;角膜交联;屈光手术;疗效;安全性;角膜扩张;角膜生物力学
ABSTRACT

Corneal refractive surgery is a safe and effective way to correct ametropia.Although the biomechanical stability of the cornea is reduced due to the change in corneal tissue integrity after surgery, the vast majority of postoperative corneal structures are safe.Patients with preoperative risk factors, such as high diopters, thin cornea, irregular corneal topography, high astigmatism, binocular asymmetry, allergic constitution, eye rubbing, etc., may experience postoperative refractive regression and corneal ectasia.Corneal collagen cross-linking can enhance the biomechanical properties of cornea and effectively prevent the occurrence and progression of corneal ectasia, keratoconus or other ectatic diseases.In recent years, many researchers at home and abroad have tried a new design of refractive surgery, that is, corneal refractive surgery with prophylactic corneal collagen cross-linking to improve the biomechanical stability of the cornea after refractive surgery, and then potentially prevent corneal ectasia and refractive regression.A number of studies have found that combined surgery has a good visual acuity and refractive prognosis, especially in patients at high risk for postoperative ectasia.This article reviews the efficacy, safety, predictability, stability, and complications of combined surgery.

Refractive errors;Corneal cross-linking;Refractive surgical procedures;Curative effect;Safety;Corneal ectasia;Corneal biomechanics
Li Ying, Email: mocdef.6ab21hcmupgniyil
引用本文

莫菲,李莹. 屈光手术联合预防性角膜胶原交联矫正屈光不正的疗效及安全性研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(04):376-385.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220624-00295

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角膜屈光手术是矫正屈光不正安全、有效的方式,其主要术式包括准分子激光屈光性角膜切削术(photorefractive keratectomy,PRK)、准分子激光角膜原位磨镶术(laser in situ keratomileusis,LASIK)以及飞秒激光小切口角膜基质透镜取出术(small incision lenticule extraction,SMILE) [ 1 ]。角膜扩张是角膜屈光手术的一种罕见但严重的并发症,目前其发病机制尚不明确,已知与屈光术后角膜生物力学不稳定有关 [ 2 ]。在世界范围内,LASIK术后角膜扩张的年发病率最高,约为0.1%,分别是PRK和SMILE的4倍和5倍 [ 3 ]。研究报道,患者手术时年龄小、屈光度数高、角膜薄、预计剩余角膜基质床厚度薄、术前角膜地形图欠规则但尚不能诊断圆锥角膜、妊娠、有揉眼习惯、圆锥角膜家族史等均是屈光术后角膜扩张的危险因素 [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]。因此,术前评估角膜扩张发生风险十分重要,这已经引起屈光医师的重视 [ 9 ]。角膜屈光手术因切削角膜组织导致角膜生物力学稳定性下降,而角膜胶原交联术(corneal collagen cross-linking,CXL)是一种阻止圆锥角膜和其他扩张性疾病进展的有效方法 [ 10 , 11 ]。CXL通过在紫外线和核黄素之间形成光化学氧化反应,诱导角膜胶原纤维之间和内部形成共价键,进而增强角膜基质的硬度和生物力学 [ 12 ]。近年来,国内外一些研究者相继尝试一种新型屈光手术,即进行角膜屈光手术的同时行预防性CXL [ 13 , 14 ]。这种联合手术的目的是改善屈光术后角膜的生物力学稳定性,进而潜在预防屈光回退和角膜扩张。一些动物、体外及在体研究已证实,该联合手术在改善角膜生物力学稳定性方面具有潜力 [ 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]。这类屈光手术被称为Xtra手术,可以与PRK、LASIK和SMILE联合,即PRK Xtra、LASIK Xtra和SMILE Xtra手术。目前,对于Xtra手术的患者选择及预防性CXL方案尚缺乏统一的标准,出于预防性而不是治疗性的目的,Xtra手术常用于术前评估显示角膜存在相对扩张风险的患者,并且预防性CXL的总能量通常低于治疗性交联,以避免过强的角膜压平效应。因角膜扩张可发生在角膜屈光手术后1周至数年 [ 23 , 24 ],本研究仅纳入术后随访时间超过1年的研究。一些评价指标的定义如下:有效性指数(efficacy index,EI)指平均术后裸眼视力(uncorrected distance visual acuity,UDVA)与平均术前矫正视力(corrected distance visual acuity,CDVA)的比值;安全性指数(safety index,SI)指平均术后CDVA与平均术前CDVA的比值;可预测性指手术拟矫正等效球镜值(spherical equivalent refraction,SEQ)与实际矫正SEQ相差在±0.50 D范围内术眼的百分比;实际矫正SEQ与目标矫正SEQ的相关性系数以 R 2值表示;稳定性指术后随访期间等效球镜(spherical equivalent,SE)的变化情况。本文将从有效性、安全性、可预测性、稳定性及并发症5个方面综述该联合手术矫治屈光不正的疗效及安全性。
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