指南与共识
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
肝细胞癌全程管理中国专家共识(2023版)
中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230605-00261
Chinese expert consensus on the whole-course management of hepatocellular carcinoma (2023 edition)
Chinese Association of Liver Cancer of Chinese Medical Doctor Association
Li Qiu
Cheng Shuqun
Authors Info & Affiliations
Chinese Association of Liver Cancer of Chinese Medical Doctor Association
Li Qiu
Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Cheng Shuqun
Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230605-00261
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摘要

肝细胞癌是我国常见恶性肿瘤之一。肝细胞癌患者通常合并慢性肝病和(或)肝硬化,必须统筹兼顾、全程管理,根据患者全身状况、基础肝病、肿瘤情况、肿瘤生物学特征、治疗要求以及经济状况等,制订合理、长期和完整的治疗与随访方案。为更好地指导肝细胞癌的全程管理,中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会组织国内相关领域专家,经过多次讨论和修改,形成《肝细胞癌全程管理中国专家共识(2023版)》。本共识基于多学科诊断与治疗模式和现有的临床证据,提出外科及非外科2种肝细胞癌全程管理路径,形成18条推荐意见,内容涵盖围手术期治疗、系统治疗及系统联合局部治疗、转化治疗、特殊人群管理、对症支持治疗以及随访管理等,以供国内同行参考。

肝细胞癌;全程管理;共识
ABSTRACT

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China. Most HCC patients complicate with chronic liver disease and/or cirrhosis, and need being provided overall consideration and whole-course management on diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. To develop a reasonable, long-term, and complete management plan, multiple factors need to be considered, including patient′s general condition, basic liver diseases, tumor stage, tumor biological characteristics, treatment requirements and economic cost. To better guide the whole-course manage-ment of HCC patients, the Chinese Association of Liver Cancer of Chinese Medical Doctor Associa-tion has gathered multidisciplinary experts and scholars in relevant fields to formulate the Chinese Expert Consensus on the Whole-course Management of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023 Edition). Based on the current clinical evidences and experiences, this expert consensus proposes surgical and non-surgical HCC management pathways,contains 18 recommendations, including perioperative treatment, systematic treatment or combined with local treatment, conversion treatment, special population management, symptomatic support treatment, and follow-up management, etc, in order to provide references to domestic collegues.

Hepatocellular carcinoma;Whole-course management;Consensus
Li Qiu, Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China, Email: mocdef.3ab619uiqbf
Cheng Shuqun, Department of Hepatic Surgery VI, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China, Email: mocdef.nabuyilanuquhsgnehc
引用本文

中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会. 肝细胞癌全程管理中国专家共识(2023版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志,2023,22(07):824-842.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230605-00261

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原发性肝癌是全球常见恶性肿瘤之一,主要包括肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)、肝内胆管癌和混合型肝细胞癌-胆管癌,其中HCC占75%~85% 1。2020年,我国肝癌新发410 038例(占全球新发病例45.3%)、死亡391 152例(占全球死亡病例47.1%),发病和死亡人数约占全球近一半 2。中国约70%的HCC患者初诊时即为中晚期,术后5年复发率约为70% 3 , 4。如何有效降低HCC的疾病负担,改善HCC整体人群预后已成为我国亟待解决的重大公共卫生问题。HCC患者通常合并慢性肝病和(或)肝硬化等基础肝病,必须统筹兼顾、全程管理,即从患者确诊开始,根据患者全身状况、基础肝病、肿瘤情况、肿瘤生物学特征、治疗要求以及经济状况等,制订治疗目标,动态观察患者对肿瘤治疗的反应、体能状况变化、血清学和影像学检查等,综合考虑并适时调整方案,同时重视基础肝病、症状控制和营养支持,制订合理、长期和完整的治疗与随访方案。HCC全程管理核心是针对治疗过程中的关键环节,通过多学科诊断与治疗模式,基于已有的临床证据,提出并制订科学合理的患者管理计划,将治疗、随访管理各环节有机整合,避免陷入单学科或缺乏有效衔接的多学科诊断与治疗模式 4
为更好地指导HCC全程管理,中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会组织国内相关领域专家制订《肝细胞癌全程管理中国专家共识(2023版)》,以期为从事HCC相关临床工作的同道提供理论和实践参考。本共识推荐的药物均已获得中国国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration of China,NMPA)或美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration,FDA)批准HCC适应证,或具有良好的Ⅱ~Ⅲ期临床研究数据。本共识已在国际实践指南注册与透明化平台注册,注册编号为PREPARE-2023CN365。
本共识推荐意见共分5个级别,分别基于6个证据等级。见 表12
证据级别 描 述
Ⅰa 证据源于对多项随机对照研究的Meta分析结果
Ⅰb 证据源于至少1项设计良好的随机对照研究结果
Ⅱa 证据源于至少1项设计良好的前瞻性非随机对照研究结果
Ⅱb 证据源自至少1项设计良好的其他类型干预性临床研究结果
证据源于设计良好的非干预性研究,如描述性研究、相关性研究等
证据源于专家委员会报告或权威专家的临床经验报道
循证医学证据等级
证据等级 描 述
A 良好的科学证据提示该医疗行为带来明确获益;建议医师对患者实施该医疗行为
B 现有证据表明该医疗行为可带来中度获益,超过其潜在风险;医师可建议或对患者实施该医疗行为
C 现有证据表明该医疗行为可能获益较小,或获益与风险接近;医师可根据患者个体情况有选择地向患者建议和实施该医疗行为
D 现有证据表明该医疗行为无获益,或其潜在风险超过获益;医师不宜向患者实施该医疗行为
I 缺乏科学证据,或现有证据无法评价该医疗行为的获益与风险;医师应帮助患者理解该医疗行为存在的不确定性
专家推荐意见级别
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附录
研究方案 研究设计 患者数量(例) 主要病理学缓解率(%) pCR(%) ORR(%) ≥3级AE(%) 手术延迟(例) 手术取消(例)
特瑞普利单抗±仑伐替尼 12 Ⅰb/Ⅱ期 16 20 6.3 - 16.7 0 0
伊匹单抗+纳武利尤单抗 13 Ⅰb期 17 - 22(2/9) 23(3/13) - 1 -
纳武利尤单抗比伊匹单抗+纳武利尤单抗 14 Ⅱ期 13比14 33比27 - 23比0 23比43 0 7(与AE无关)
早期肝细胞癌新辅助治疗探索研究
研究方案 研究设计 患者数量(例) 高危复发因素 中位RFS(月) 中位DFS(月) ≥3级TRAE(%)
仑伐替尼 20 前瞻性 42 肿瘤数>3个、血管侵犯 16.5 - 11.9
仑伐替尼+TACE比TACE 21 前瞻性 92比92 伴随大血管或胆管侵犯(门静脉、肝静脉或胆管癌栓),肿瘤破裂或浸润邻近器官,Ⅱ级微血管侵犯(MVI,M2)且合并以下任何1项(肿瘤数目≥3、肿瘤最大径≥8 cm、肿瘤边缘不清晰或无完整包膜) - 17.0比9.0 -
纳武利尤单抗 22 Ⅱ期 55 MVI、低分化肝细胞癌和肝内转移 26.3 - 18.9
卡瑞利珠单抗+阿帕替尼比HAIC 23 Ⅱ期 41比41 PVTT(Vp1~2)、MVI、微卫星病灶、最大肿瘤直径>5 cm 22.7比16.4 - -
阿替利珠单抗+贝伐珠单抗比主动监测(中期分析) 24 Ⅲ期 334比334

最大肿瘤直径>5 cm、>3个肿瘤、MVI、

大血管侵犯(Vp1~2)、病理G3/4

12个月

无复发生存率:78%比65%

- 34.9比NA
肝细胞癌术后辅助治疗相关研究进展
研究方案 研究设计 患者数量(例) ORR(%) 转化率(%) 手术切除率(%) OS(月) PFS(月)

≥3级AE

(%)

仑伐替尼/阿帕替尼+纳武利尤单抗/帕博利珠单抗/信迪利单抗 104 回顾性 63 - 19.0 15.9(R 0切除)

90.0%

(1年OS率)

- -
仑伐替尼+PD-1 107 回顾性 60 33.3 - 10 NR 7.0 38.3
仑伐替尼+PD-1+TACE 76 回顾性 62 80.6 53.2 46.8 NR NR 19.3

仑伐替尼+信迪利

单抗 108

Ⅱ期 29 38 34 - NR NR -
贝伐珠单抗+信迪利单抗 105 Ⅱ期 30 23.3 43.3 43.3 - - 20
仑伐替尼+特瑞普利单抗+HAIC 106 Ⅱ期 36 63.9 22.2 13.9 17.9 10.4 72.2
仑伐替尼+PD-1+TACE 77 前瞻性 38 84.2(mRECIST) 50 - 96.4%(48周OS率) 91.7%(48周PFS率) 57.9
仑伐替尼+PD-1+TACE比TACE 72 前瞻性 71比71 38.0比7.0 - 50.7比15.5 93.3%比64.3%(1年OS率) (531±81)d比(224±33)d 53.5比18.3
仑伐替尼+PD-1+TACE/HAIC 109 回顾性 37 67.7 40.5 35.1 NR NR 29.7
展开表格
部分肝细胞癌转化治疗研究
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备注信息
A
李秋,四川大学华西医院肿瘤内科,成都 610041,Email: mocdef.3ab619uiqbf
B
程树群,海军军医大学第三附属医院肝外六科,上海 200438,Email: mocdef.nabuyilanuquhsgnehc
C
中国医师协会肝癌专业委员会. 肝细胞癌全程管理中国专家共识2023版)[J]. 中华消化外科杂志, 2023, 22(7: 824-842. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115610-20230605-00261.
D
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
E
国家重点研发计划 (2022YFC2503700)
国家自然科学基金面上项目 (82072618)
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