目的了解湖北省十堰市8 ~ 10岁儿童碘营养状况及甲状腺容积的影响因素。
方法2019年6月至2020年10月，在湖北省十堰市所辖的8个县（市、区），将每个县（市、区）按东、西、南、北、中划分为5个片区，每个片区抽取1个乡镇（街道），每个乡镇（街道）抽取1所小学的8 ~ 10岁儿童40名（年龄均衡、男女各半），分别采集其家中食用盐盐样、随机1次尿样，检测盐碘和尿碘含量；并进行甲状腺容积测量和体格检查。
结果共采集儿童家中食用盐盐样3 172份，盐碘含量为23.68 mg/kg，碘盐覆盖率为99.81%（3 166/3 172），合格碘盐食用率为96.72%（3 068/3 172）。共采集儿童尿样3 172份，尿碘中位数为241.87 μg/L，碘营养处于超适宜量水平；不同性别、地区儿童尿碘中位数比较差异均有统计学意义（ Z = - 3.63， H = 160.83，均 P < 0.001）。共检查儿童甲状腺1 191例，甲状腺肿大率为0.67%（8/1 191），不同年龄、地区儿童甲状腺肿大率比较差异均有统计学意义（χ 2 = 6.41、11.91， P = 0.040、0.002)。相关性分析结果显示，儿童尿碘与甲状腺容积呈负相关（ r = - 0.08， P = 0.025）；按年龄分层，8、9、10岁年龄组儿童身高、体重、体表面积与甲状腺容积均呈正相关（均 P < 0.05）。
结论湖北省十堰市8 ~ 10岁儿童碘营养处于超适宜量水平，甲状腺肿大率较低，儿童尿碘、身高、体重、体表面积均为甲状腺容积的影响因素。
ObjectiveTo study the iodine nutrition status and influencing factors of thyroid volume of children aged 8 - 10 years in Shiyan City, Hubei Province.
MethodsFrom June 2019 to October 2020, in 8 counties (cities, districts) under the jurisdiction of Shiyan City, Hubei Province, each county (city, district) was divided into 5 districts according to the east, west, south, north, and center. One township (street) was selected in each district, and 40 children aged 8 to 10 years from one primary school (age balanced, half male and half female), were selected in each township (street), and their home salt samples and once random urine sample were taken to detect salt iodine and urinary iodine levels. At the same time, thyroid volume measurements and physical examination were performed.
ResultsA total of 3 172 salt samples were collected from children's homes, with a salt iodine content of 23.68 mg/kg. The iodine salt coverage rate was 99.81% (3 166/3 172), and the qualified iodine salt consumption rate was 96.72% (3 068/3 172). A total of 3 172 urine samples were collected from children, with a median urinary iodine level of 241.87 μg/L, indicating that iodine nutrition was at a super optimal level. There were statistically significant differences in the median urinary iodine among children of different genders and regions ( Z = - 3.63, H = 160.83, P < 0.001). The thyroid of 1 191 children was examined, and the goiter rate was 0.67% (8/1 191), and there were statistically significant differences in the goiter rate of children of different ages and regions (χ 2 = 6.41, 11.91, P = 0.040, 0.002). The correlation analysis results showed that there was a negative correlation between urinary iodine and thyroid volume in children ( r = - 0.08, P = 0.025); according to age stratification, there were positive correlation between height, weight, body surface area, and thyroid volume in children aged 8, 9 and 10 years ( P < 0.05).
ConclusionsThe iodine nutrition of 8 - 10 years old children in Shiyan City is in an over appropriate level, and the goiter rate is low. Urinary iodine, height, weight, and body surface area of children are all factors influencing thyroid volume.
王震,张菡,王钦娥,等. 湖北省十堰市8 ~ 10岁儿童碘营养状况及甲状腺容积影响因素研究[J]. 中华地方病学杂志,2023,42(08)：637-641.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn231583-20220915-00319版权归中华医学会所有。
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