综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
线粒体遗传学机制在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的研究进展
王宇松
孙晓东 [综述]
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200511-00331
Research progress of mitochondrial genetics in age-related macular degeneration
Wang Yusong
Sun Xiaodong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Wang Yusong
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
Sun Xiaodong
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200511-00331
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摘要

线粒体是细胞的"能量工厂",其功能受细胞核及线粒体双重遗传学机制严格调控。随着年龄增加,线粒体基因组复制错误及氧化损伤积累、表观修饰模式改变,造成衰老相关线粒体功能障碍。上述机制在年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的发生和发展中发挥着重要作用。衰老相关线粒体遗传物质改变发生于视网膜色素上皮(RPE)及神经视网膜细胞中,影响细胞能量代谢及功能活性,介导RPE氧化应激、溶酶体损伤及炎性凋亡等多个病理过程,并最终导致RPE功能障碍、视网膜沉积物及炎症微环境形成。针对线粒体遗传学的保护性干预是AMD早期预防和治疗的新思路,线粒体衍生肽Humanin等新靶点正在被广泛研究。本文对线粒体遗传学机制与AMD疾病进展相关研究进行综述,为探讨AMD的病理机制和防治策略提供新的思路。

线粒体;年龄相关性黄斑变性;线粒体DNA;线粒体功能障碍
ABSTRACT

Mitochondria are the center of cellular energy metabolism, and their functions are tightly regulated by the nuclear and mitochondria genomes.Potential mechanisms responsible for age-related mitochondrial dysfunction include the accumulation of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage caused by replication errors or oxidative damage, and the epigenetic changes in mtDNA (mitoepigenetics). These mechanisms are essential for the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Age-related mtDNA damage disrupts energy metabolism and cellular function in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neuroretinal cells, which further mediates oxidative stress, lysosomal dysfunction and pyroptosis, resulting in RPE degeneration, drusen deposition and retinal inflammation.Mitochondrial genome protection, such as humanin administration, may be a promising preventive or therapeutic target in the early stages of AMD.This review focused on the research progress of the mitochondrial genetic mechanism in AMD pathogenesis and provided new ideas for exploring the prevention and treatment strategies of AMD.

Mitochondria;Age-related macular degeneration;Mitochondrial DNA;Mitochondrial dysfunction
Sun Xiaodong, Email: nc.defudabe.utjsnusdx
引用本文

王宇松,孙晓东. 线粒体遗传学机制在年龄相关性黄斑变性中的研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(09):949-952.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200511-00331

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线粒体是真核细胞的能量合成及代谢中心,对维持细胞完整性、调控细胞生存与凋亡发挥关键性作用。线粒体功能障碍严重影响细胞、组织的能量平衡,是导致年龄相关性疾病发生发展的重要因素[ 1 ]。目前发现线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)损伤及表观遗传修饰是衰老相关线粒体功能障碍发生的重要原因。研究显示,线粒体功能障碍及氧化应激是视网膜色素上皮损伤、感光细胞退变及视网膜炎症中的重要启动因素,对研究年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)的病理机制具有重要生物学意义[ 2 , 3 ]。本文就线粒体遗传学调控及能量代谢异常在AMD中的研究进展进行综述。
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孙晓东,Email:nc.defudabe.utjsnusdx
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所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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国家自然科学基金项目 (81730026)
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