标准与规范
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
棘阿米巴角膜炎诊断与治疗专家共识(2023)
棘阿米巴角膜炎诊断与治疗专家共识(2023)制定小组
中国医师协会眼科医师分会眼感染学组
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230605-00215
Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (2023)
A formulating group of Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (2023)
Ocular Infection Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association
Hong Jing
Sun Xuguang
Authors Info & Affiliations
A formulating group of Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (2023)
Ocular Infection Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association
Hong Jing
Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China
Sun Xuguang
Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Torgren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230605-00215
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摘要

棘阿米巴角膜炎(AK)是一种严重的致盲角膜病,起病隐匿,临床表现主要为眼表刺激症状、角膜浸润和溃疡,如未得到及时合理诊疗可引起患者视力损害。AK早期体征不典型,临床医生和患者目前对该病的认知尚不足,易误诊或漏诊,造成患眼视力不可逆损害,影响患者视觉质量和生活质量。目前国内外对AK的诊断和治疗尚缺少统一、规范的方案,导致治疗效果不明确,治疗方法不统一。中国医师协会眼科医师分会眼感染学组组织国内眼感染和角膜病专家对我国AK诊疗中存在的问题进行广泛调查和归纳,并在大量检索和复习国内外相关文献的基础上,采用德尔菲法联合面对面讨论的方法,结合我国相关专家的临床实践和经验,就AK的流行病学、发病危险因素、病原学及其发病机制、诊断和鉴别诊断、治疗方案及其流程等问题进行认真讨论,形成本专家共识意见,以指导和规范AK的诊治工作。

棘阿米巴角膜炎;诊断;治疗;专家意见
ABSTRACT

Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK) is a serious blinding corneal disease with a concealed onset.Clinical symptoms of AK are mainly characterized by irritation, corneal infiltration, and ulceration.Without timely and reasonable diagnosis and treatment, AK will cause visual impairment.AK is often misdiagnosed or over looked due to atypical early signs and insufficient knowledge of AK among clinicians and patients.These result in irreversible visual damage, which affects patients' quality of vision and life.At present, there is no unified and standardized protocol worldwide for the diagnosis and treatment of AK, resulting in unclear treatment outcomes with inconsistent therapeutic methods.Based on extensive investigations and summaries of the problems in the diagnosis and treatment of AK in China and a large number of relevant literature worldwide reviewed, Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of Acanthamoeba keratitis (2023) was formulated by the Ocular Infection Group of Chinese Ophthalmologist Association and related domestic experts in corneal diseases.This consensus uses the Delphi method, face-to-face meeting and clinical experience of relevant Chinese experts to provide recommendations on the epidemiology, risk factors, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and processes of diagnosis and treatment of AK.This expert consensus was formed to guide and further standardize the diagnosis and treatment of AK.

Acanthamoeba keratitis;Diagnosis;Therapeutics;Expert recommendation
Hong Jing, Email: mocdef.aabnis4691gnijgnoh; Hong Jing, Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing University Third Hospital, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Beijing 100191, China;
Sun Xuguang, Email: mocdef.3ab615591gxnus Sun Xuguang, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing Torgren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100005, China
引用本文

棘阿米巴角膜炎诊断与治疗专家共识(2023)制定小组,中国医师协会眼科医师分会眼感染学组. 棘阿米巴角膜炎诊断与治疗专家共识(2023)[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(10):953-960.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230605-00215

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1 《棘阿米巴角膜炎诊断与治疗专家共识(2023)》制定背景
棘阿米巴角膜炎(Acanthamoeba keratitis,AK)是由棘阿米巴原虫感染引起的角膜感染性疾病。AK起病隐匿,主要特征为角膜神经炎症反应、点状或环形角膜浸润或角膜溃疡,其症状与其他感染性角膜炎相似,如误诊或延误治疗则严重损害患者视力,重者可致盲。引起AK的原因主要是棘阿米巴原虫污染的物品密切接触眼组织而引发感染,眼表组织外伤或角膜接触镜的不规范配戴均为AK的高危因素。近年来随着我国角膜接触镜的临床应用逐渐广泛,不规范配戴角膜接触镜导致的感染性角膜病风险明显增大,AK患病人数也呈逐年上升趋势[ 1 , 2 ],尤其是青少年患者,危害极大。临床实践中我们发现,AK早期患者临床症状和体征不典型,易与病毒性角膜炎相混淆,且基层眼科医生对AK的诊疗认知不足,常导致误诊或漏诊,给患者视力造成不可逆损害。目前,国内外尚缺少统一、规范的AK诊断和治疗方案;加之近年来我国AK的发病率快速升高,引起了眼科医生的高度重视。此外,迄今为止国内仍缺乏治疗棘阿米巴的有效药物,也给AK的有效治疗带来了极大挑战。
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备注信息
A
洪晶,Email:mocdef.aabnis4691gnijgnoh;洪晶,北京大学第三医院眼科 眼部神经损伤的重建保护与康复北京市重点实验室,北京 100191;
B
孙旭光,Email:mocdef.3ab615591gxnus 孙旭光,首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院 北京市眼科研究所,北京 100005
C
http://www.guidelines-registry.cn/index,PREPARE-2023CN053
D
http://www.guidelines-registry.cn/index,PREPARE-2023CN053
E
专家组成员均声明无任何利益冲突
F
本文为我国从事眼表感染性疾病研究的专家成员依据国内外重要文献和临床实践经验撰写的AK诊疗规范推荐意见,由于AK仍属于少见疾病,因此目前全球的相关研究多限于观察性研究和实验室研究证据,但由于AK对患者的危害极大,因此制定相应的临床诊疗规范意见非常必要,可供临床医生在临床实践中参考。本共识所提供的专家建议并非强制性意见,与本共识不一致的做法并不意味着错误或不当,应注意治疗结局。临床实践中仍存在很多问题需要探索,相关临床研究的开展将提供进一步的有用证据,未来仍有对本共识定期修订和更新的空间,为患者带来更多临床获益
G
国家自然科学基金项目 (81970768)
国家重点研发计划项目 (2023YFC2410402)
科技部重大专项项目 (2020AAA0105004)
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