淋菌性眼炎是指由淋病奈瑟菌感染眼部引起的一种传染病，以急性化脓性结膜炎最为常见。新生儿淋菌性眼炎发病急骤，是主要的致盲眼病。非新生儿淋菌性结膜炎发生在成人或不同年龄阶段的儿童中，因缺乏特异性的临床表现，诊断和治疗相当棘手。近年来，淋病作为第二大细菌性性传播疾病，其发病率有上升趋势，而淋菌的耐药菌株也不断出现和蔓延，导致常规眼部抗感染治疗可能无效。在临床中，眼科医生应熟知淋菌性眼炎的临床特点、诊断手段和最新的用药指南，避免患者发生严重并发症以及控制耐药菌株的发生和传播。本文就淋菌性眼炎的临床特征、实验室检测与诊断方法、最新的用药指南进行介绍。
Gonococcal ophthalmia is an infectious disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection of the eye, the most common of which is acute purulent conjunctivitis.Neonatal gonorrheal ophthalmia has an acute onset and is an important blinding eye disease.Non-neonatal gonococcal conjunctivitis occurring in adults or children is quite difficult to diagnose and treat due to the lack of specific clinical manifestations.The incidence of gonorrhea, the second most common bacterial sexually transmitted disease, has increased in recent years, and drug-resistant strains of gonococcus are emerging and spreading, raising the possibility that conventional anti-infective treatment of the eye may be ineffective.Ophthalmologists should be familiar with the clinical features, diagnostic procedures, and current medication guidelines for gonococcal ophthalmia, and to control the emergence and spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria.In this article, we introduced the clinical features, laboratory tests, diagnostic methods, and current medication guidelines for gonococcal ophthalmia.
白雪晴,孙旭光. 淋菌性眼炎的再认识[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(10)：1011-1015.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20211110-00618版权归中华医学会所有。
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