目的探讨肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)对甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)眼眶成纤维细胞(OF)分化的影响及其机制。
方法收集2019年12月至2020年8月在天津医科大学眼科医院诊断为TAO且拟行眼眶减压术的患者6例6眼，术中收集眼眶脂肪结缔组织，组织块培养法分离培养OF并进行波形蛋白免疫荧光鉴定。诱导OF成脂分化并油红O染色鉴定。分别采用含0、0.1、1.0、10.0 μg/L TNF-α的完全培养液诱导眼眶成熟脂肪细胞去分化。分别收集原代、分化14 d和去分化20 d细胞，通过实时荧光定量PCR检测过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体γ(PPARγ)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶1(ERK1)、ERK2及脂肪包被蛋白1(perilipin1) mRNA相对表达量；采用Western blot法检测PPARγ、P-ERK1/2、perilipin1蛋白相对表达量。
结果体外成功培养人TAO来源OF，细胞呈梭形或多角形，呈旋涡状紧密排列，波形蛋白免疫荧光染色呈阳性。OF成脂分化诱导后，部分细胞的细胞质中可出现脂滴样结构，油红O染色可见细胞质内被着染的脂滴结构，证实分化后所得到细胞为脂肪细胞。0.1 μg/L、1.0 μg/L、10.0 μg/L TNF-α诱导脂肪细胞发生去分化，且随诱导时间的延长，细胞质中的脂滴体积缩小，含脂滴细胞数量也逐渐减少，并在去分化20 d胞质内脂滴基本消失，细胞变为长梭形，紧密排列，去分化为成纤维样细胞。实时荧光定量PCR检测结果显示，分化14 d组细胞PPARγ、ERK1、ERK2、perilipin1 mRNA相对表达量分别为4.26±0.09、2.01±0.09、3.23±0.10和8.69±0.33，明显高于原代组的1.00±0.09、1.05±0.19、1.00±0.10和1.05±0.07以及去分化20 d组的1.06±0.03、1.15±0.11和6.27±0.09，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.05)。Western blot检测结果显示，分化14 d组PPARγ、ERK1/2、perilipin1蛋白表达量分别为1.07±0.03、1.00±0.03和1.13±0.02，明显高于原代组的0.37±0.02、0.29±0.02和0.00±0.00以及去分化20 d组的0.20±0.02、0.38±0.06和0.00±0.00，差异均有统计学意义(均 P<0.001)。
结论TNF-α对TAO眼眶脂肪细胞有去分化作用，其机制可能与下调ERK1/2-PPARγ-perilipin1信号通路有关。
ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) on the differentiation of orbital fibroblasts (OF) in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) and its regulation mechanism.
MethodsSix patients (six eyes) diagnosed with TAO were collected in Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from December 2019 to August 2020.Adipose connective tissue was collected during the orbital decompression surgery.OF was isolated and cultured using the tissue block method and vimentin was identified by immunofluorescence.Lipogenic differentiation of OF was induced and identified by oil red O staining.Complete culture medium containing 0, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg/L TNF-α was used to induce the dedifferentiation of orbital mature adipocytes.Primary culturing cells, 14-day differentiation cells and 20-day dedifferentiation cells were collected.The relative mRNA expression levels of peroxisomal proliferation-activated receptor (PPARγ), extracellular regulatory protein kinase1 (ERK1), ERK2 and fat-coated protein1 (perilipin1) were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR.The relative protein expression levels of PPARγ, P-ERK1/2 and perilipin1 were detected by Western blot.
ResultsHuman TAO-derived OF were successfully cultured in vitro, spindle-shaped or polygonal, tightly arranged in a vortex pattern, and immunofluorescence staining for vimentin was positive.After OF adipogenic differentiation, lipid droplet structures could be seen in the cytoplasm of some cells, and the stained lipid droplet structures in the cytoplasm could be seen by oil red O staining, which confirmed that the cells obtained after differentiation were adipocytes.Dedifferentiation of adipocytes was induced by 0.1, 1.0, and 10.0 μg/L TNF-α.With the extension of induction time, the volume of lipid droplets in the cytoplasm and the number of cells containing lipid droplets decreased.Lipid droplets disappeared in the cytoplasm on the 20th day of dedifferentiation, and the cells became long spindle-shaped and tightly arranged, dedifferentiated into fibroblast-like cells.Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR detection results showed that the relative expression levels of PPARγ, ERK1, ERK2 and perilipin1 mRNA in 14-day differentiation group were 4.26±0.09, 2.01±0.09, 3.23±0.10 and 8.69±0.33, respectively, which were significantly higher than 1.00±0.09, 1.05±0.19, 1.00±0.10 and 1.05±0.07 in primary group, and 1.06±0.03, 1.15±0.11 and 6.27±0.09 in 20-day dedifferentiation group (all at P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression levels of PPARγ, ERK1/2 and perilipin1 proteins in 14-day differentiation group were 1.07±0.03, 1.00±0.03 and 1.13±0.02, respectively, which were significantly higher than 0.37±0.02, 0.29±0.02 and 0.00±0.00 in primary group, and 0.20±0.02, 0.38±0.06 and 0.00±0.00 in 20-day dedifferentiation group (all at P<0.001).
ConclusionsTNF-α has a dedifferentiation effect on TAO orbital adipocytes.The mechanism may be related to the downregulation of ERK1/2-PPARγ-perilipin1 signaling pathway.
井雅朋,黄晓明,吴桐,等. 肿瘤坏死因子α对甲状腺相关眼病眼眶成纤维细胞的去分化作用及调控机制[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(11)：1076-1083.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210119-00051版权归中华医学会所有。
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井雅朋：参与实验设计、研究实施、文章起草及修改；黄晓明、吴桐：参与本实验设计及研究实施；简天明、史双双、赵亮：参与研究实施及统计分析；孙丰源、唐东润：实验设计、对本文的知识性内容作批评性审阅
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