综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
白细胞介素在视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病中的作用
徐歆桐
徐全刚 [综述]
魏世辉 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200702-00473
Role of interleukin in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder
Xu Xintong
Xu Quangang
Wei Shihui
Authors Info & Affiliations
Xu Xintong
Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing 100853, China
Xu Quangang
The Third Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
Wei Shihui
The First Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200702-00473
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摘要

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSD)是一种以视神经和脊髓受累为主的中枢神经系统炎性脱髓鞘性疾病。越来越多的研究表明,除了抗水通道蛋白4抗体,白细胞介素(IL)在介导NMOSD疾病进展中也发挥了重要作用。常见的CD4 +T细胞可分泌各种类型的IL,例如,Th17细胞分泌的IL-17A和IL-21等,可以破坏血-脑屏障进入中枢神经系统,进而在自身免疫中发挥作用;Th2细胞分泌的IL-4和IL-10通过激活巨噬细胞调节免疫反应;调节性CD4 +T细胞则可通过限制各种免疫细胞功能而抑制免疫反应。此外,NMOSD患者脑脊液和血液中相关的IL水平也会在发病的不同时期发生变化。本文主要通过对NMOSD相关的IL作用及变化特征进行综述,探讨其是否能作为诊断NMOSD的生物标志物,进而帮助我们深入理解其致病机制。

视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病;白细胞介素;Th17细胞;Th2细胞;Tregs细胞
ABSTRACT

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, primarily affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord.In addition to aquaporin 4 antibody, more and more studies have shown that interleukins (IL) also play an important role in the progression of NMOSD.For example, among the most common CD4 + T cells, Th17 cells can destroy the blood-brain barrier to invade the central nervous system and then affect autoimmunity; Th2-mediated IL-4 and IL-10 regulate immune activities by activating macrophages; Tregs can suppress the immune response by restricting various immune cell functions.The levels of related IL in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood of NMOSD patients vary at different stages of the disease course.This article mainly reviews the role and a change characteristics of interleukins related to NMOSD, which helps us to understand its pathogenic mechanism in-depth, and discusses whether IL can be used as immunophysiological markers to diagnose NMOSD.

Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder;Interleukin;Th17;Th2;Tregs
Wei Shihui, Email: mocdef.labiamtoh607iuhihsiew
引用本文

徐歆桐,徐全刚,魏世辉. 白细胞介素在视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(11):1124-1129.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200702-00473

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视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders,NMOSD)是一种以视神经和脊髓受累为主的中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)炎性脱髓鞘性疾病 [ 1 , 2 ]。抗水通道蛋白4抗体(aquaporin 4 antibody,AQP4-Ab)与星形胶质细胞上的AQP4结合是NMOSD疾病的关键触发点,抗AQP4-Ab存在于50%以上的NMOSD患者中 [ 3 ]。但是抗体阴性的NMOSD患者的致病因素尚不明确。除了抗体检测外,关于细胞因子水平变化的研究可能也有助于阐明NMOSD的免疫发病机制,一些证据提示CD4 +T细胞相关的细胞因子可能参与NMOSD的发病。
细胞因子是一类具有免疫活性的小分子多肽,它们常在细胞受到外界刺激时,以旁分泌、自分泌及内分泌的方式释放,在CNS中可由神经元、星形胶质细胞、小胶质细胞等分泌。它们在极低浓度下即可与其靶细胞特异性的受体结合,并通过受体介导的细胞内信号传递,激活转录因子,调节免疫过程中的细胞功能。已知的细胞因子有白细胞介素(interleukin,IL)、干扰素(interferon,IFN)、集落刺激因子、肿瘤坏死因子(tumor necrosis factor,TNF)、神经生长因子(nerve growth factor,NGF)和转化生长因子(transforming growth factor,TGF)等。已有研究发现,具有异常免疫反应相关感染或疾病的患者体液中的细胞因子水平升高 [ 4 ]。目前越来越多的研究涉及脑脊液(cerebrospinal fluid,CSF)和血液生物标志物水平及其在CNS脱髓鞘性疾病中的作用,也证实了NMOSD与细胞因子分泌失调有关,而IL是其中至关重要的一员,且NMOSD患者CSF和血液中相关的IL水平会在发病的不同时期发生变化 [ 5 , 6 ]。IL是否有可能作为诊断NMOSD的免疫生理标志物,本文将对不同种类IL进行综述。
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国际科技创新合作重点专项项目 (2018YFE0113900)
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