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视网膜光辐照实验模型研究进展
徐翌华
朱鸿 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200520-00364
Research progress of in vitro experimental models in retinal light irradiation
Xu Yihua
Zhu Hong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Xu Yihua
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
Zhu Hong
Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Fundus Disease, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200520-00364
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摘要

随着电子设备的普及与环境光污染现象的日趋严重，视网膜光辐照引起的损伤及其对视网膜色素变性、年龄相关性黄斑变性等疾病的致病作用逐渐被关注。光－视网膜组织反应类型以光热反应及光化学反应为主，其中可见光产生的光化学反应与视网膜疾病关系密切。光辐照参数包括光辐照波长、辐照能量及辐照时间等，不同参数下光辐照对视网膜细胞的作用还可能受多种外界因素影响。较多视网膜光辐照细胞实验模型建立以研究光辐照，尤其是蓝光对视网膜色素上皮细胞、光感受器细胞及神经细胞损伤的机制。光辐照会导致视网膜各细胞氧化应激、内质网应激及线粒体损伤激活自噬调控细胞凋亡。炎性小体激活及外泌体也参与调控光辐照对视网膜色素上皮细胞的损伤。也有研究探讨不同波长光源对细胞的潜在治疗作用。本文从光－视网膜组织反应类型、生物学研究中常用的光辐照参数，以及视网膜色素上皮细胞光辐照模型、视网膜光感受器细胞光辐照模型、视网膜神经节细胞光辐照模型等方面就视网膜光辐照的实验模型，探讨不同模型间细胞及光辐照参数的差异。

视网膜色素上皮;光感受器细胞;视网膜神经节细胞;光辐照;体外研究模型
ABSTRACT

With the popularity of electronic devices and the increasing environmental light pollution, more attention has been paid to the damage caused by retinal light irradiation and its pathogenic effects in retinal pigment degeneration, age-related macular degeneration and other diseases.The types of light-retinal tissue reaction are mainly photothermal and photochemical, and the photochemical reaction produced by visible light is closely related to retinal diseases.The parameters of light irradiation include wavelength, energy density and duration, etc.The effect of light irradiation on retinal cells can be influenced by many external factors under different parameters.Many in vitro models of light irradiation on retinal cells have been established to study the mechanism of light irradiation, especially blue light on retinal pigment epithelial cells, photoreceptor cells and nerve cells.Light irradiation can cause oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial damage in retinal cells, which activates autophagy and regulates apoptosis.Inflammasome activation and exosomes are also involved in the regulation of light-induced damage to retinal pigment epithelial cells.There are also studies on the potential therapeutic effect of different wavelength light sources on cells.This review discusses the differences in cellular and light irradiation parameters between different models with respect to experimental models of retinal light irradiation in terms of types of light-retinal tissue responses, light irradiation parameters commonly used in biological studies, and retinal pigment epithelium light irradiation models, retinal photoreceptor light irradiation models, and retinal ganglion cell light irradiation models.

Retinal pigment epithelium;Photoreceptor cells;Retinal ganglion cells;Light irradiation; In vitro research models
Zhu Hong, Email: mocdef.6ab21anihcgnohuhz
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引用本文

徐翌华,朱鸿. 视网膜光辐照实验模型研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2023,41(12)：1243-1248.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200520-00364

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人眼视网膜作为外界光线接收以及视觉形成的关键组织，与光有着密不可分的联系。有规律的光照对生物昼夜节律的维持十分关键 [ 1 ]，而过量光照射又容易发生急慢性视网膜光损伤，包括视网膜灼烧、视网膜变性等 [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]；对于某些眼病，光又是一种重要的治疗工具，如眼底激光光凝治疗、光动力治疗视网膜新生血管等 [ 5 , 6 ]。深入了解光与视网膜之间的相互关系可以指导医生在医疗过程中避免潜在的光组织损伤，更好地利用光学技术造福人类。视网膜组织对不同类型不同程度光暴露的反应差别很大且分子生物机制复杂，建立可靠的细胞模型开展研究是关键的第一步。本文通过回顾近年国内外文献，在光－组织反应类型的基础上总结视网膜细胞光辐照实验研究模型，为视网膜光损伤研究和光生物安全评估选择合适的体外模型提供参考。
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