综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
视网膜色素上皮细胞来源的细胞外囊泡在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的作用
高优歌
王艳歌
宋宗明 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230626-00022
Role of retinal pigment epithelium-derived extracellular vesicles in the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration
Gao Youge
Wang Yange
Song Zongming
Authors Info & Affiliations
Gao Youge
Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Wang Yange
Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Song Zongming
Department of Ophthalmology, Henan University People's Hospital, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Henan Academy of Innovations in Medical Science, Zhengzhou 450003, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230626-00022
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摘要

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是全球老年人不可逆视力丧失的主要原因之一,其主要病理特征是视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞变性和感光细胞不可逆性损伤或丢失。细胞外囊泡(EVs)是一类具有脂质双层膜的异质性纳米囊泡,包括外泌体、微囊泡和凋亡小体,它们通过传递RNA和蛋白质等分子发挥生物学效应。本综述论述了RPE细胞来源的细胞外囊泡(RPE-EVs)参与调节氧化应激、炎症反应、新生血管生成等AMD病理生理过程。RPE-EVs来源的Apaf1、HDAC6、miR-494-3p、miR-138-5p、miR-21、miR-543、miR-302a-3p等可作为诊断和治疗AMD的候选分子靶点,但其作用机制尚未阐明。由于RPE-EVs具有高生物相容性、低免疫原性、低毒性、靶向性、稳定性、特异性等独特优势,未来需要继续深入研究RPE-EVs在AMD发病机制中的作用,同时将关注点放到RPE-EVs在AMD诊疗中的作用,实现RPE-EVs的临床转化,为AMD的诊断和治疗开辟新途径。

视网膜色素上皮;细胞外囊泡;年龄相关性黄斑变性;氧化应激;炎症;新生血管
ABSTRACT

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss in the elderly worldwide.Its main pathological features are the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the irreversible damage or loss of photoreceptor cells.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of heterogeneous nanovesicles with lipid bilayer membranes, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which exert biological effects by transmitting molecules such as RNA and protein.In this review, RPE-derived extracellular vesicles (RPE-EVs) are involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization in AMD.RPE-EVs derived Apaf1, HDAC6, miR-494-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-21, miR-543 and miR-302a-3p can be used as candidate molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AMD, but their mechanisms of action have not been elucidated.Due to the unique advantages of high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, targeting, stability, and specificity of RPE-EVs, it is necessary to further study the role of RPE-EVs in the pathogenesis of AMD, and focus on the role of RPE-EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of AMD, so as to realize the clinical transformation of RPE-EVs, and open up new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of AMD.

Retinal pigment epithelium;Extracellular vesicles;Age-related macular degeneration;Oxidative stress;Inflammation;Neovascularization
Song Zongming, Email: mocdef.aabnisseyemzs
引用本文

高优歌,王艳歌,宋宗明. 视网膜色素上皮细胞来源的细胞外囊泡在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(09):876-880.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230626-00022

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年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是一种进行性视网膜退行性疾病,是全球老年人不可逆视力丧失的主要原因之一。AMD的发生和进展与遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用有关 [ 1 ]。AMD的发病机制复杂,涉及氧化应激、炎症反应激活、补体系统紊乱以及新生血管生成等诸多方面 [ 2 ]。进展期AMD有新生血管性(湿性、渗出性)和地图样萎缩(geographic atrophy,GA)2种主要形式。新生血管性AMD(neovascular AMD,nAMD)表现为黄斑区新生血管(macular neovascularization,MNV)侵入视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)下腔、视网膜下腔或视网膜内层,其持续的渗漏和出血最终导致广泛的纤维化。尽管抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)治疗和激光治疗可以抑制MNV生长并减少其渗出,但不能挽救已变性的RPE细胞和感光细胞。GA的特征是黄斑区RPE细胞、光感受器和脉络膜毛细血管的进行性丧失,逐渐融合形成黄斑中心凹地理性萎缩 [ 3 ],目前尚无有效的治疗方法。由于RPE细胞变性和功能障碍是AMD发病的中心环节,RPE细胞来源的细胞外囊泡(RPE-derived extracellular vesicles,RPE-EVs)也随之发生改变,因此深入探讨RPE-EVs在AMD发病机制中的作用可以为AMD的诊疗提供新思路。
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宋宗明,Email: mocdef.aabnisseyemzs
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金 (82101162)
河南省重点研发与推广专项 (222102310061)
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