年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是全球老年人不可逆视力丧失的主要原因之一,其主要病理特征是视网膜色素上皮(RPE)细胞变性和感光细胞不可逆性损伤或丢失。细胞外囊泡(EVs)是一类具有脂质双层膜的异质性纳米囊泡,包括外泌体、微囊泡和凋亡小体,它们通过传递RNA和蛋白质等分子发挥生物学效应。本综述论述了RPE细胞来源的细胞外囊泡(RPE-EVs)参与调节氧化应激、炎症反应、新生血管生成等AMD病理生理过程。RPE-EVs来源的Apaf1、HDAC6、miR-494-3p、miR-138-5p、miR-21、miR-543、miR-302a-3p等可作为诊断和治疗AMD的候选分子靶点,但其作用机制尚未阐明。由于RPE-EVs具有高生物相容性、低免疫原性、低毒性、靶向性、稳定性、特异性等独特优势,未来需要继续深入研究RPE-EVs在AMD发病机制中的作用,同时将关注点放到RPE-EVs在AMD诊疗中的作用,实现RPE-EVs的临床转化,为AMD的诊断和治疗开辟新途径。
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the main causes of irreversible vision loss in the elderly worldwide.Its main pathological features are the degeneration of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and the irreversible damage or loss of photoreceptor cells.Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are a class of heterogeneous nanovesicles with lipid bilayer membranes, including exosomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies, which exert biological effects by transmitting molecules such as RNA and protein.In this review, RPE-derived extracellular vesicles (RPE-EVs) are involved in the regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and neovascularization in AMD.RPE-EVs derived Apaf1, HDAC6, miR-494-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-21, miR-543 and miR-302a-3p can be used as candidate molecular targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AMD, but their mechanisms of action have not been elucidated.Due to the unique advantages of high biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, low toxicity, targeting, stability, and specificity of RPE-EVs, it is necessary to further study the role of RPE-EVs in the pathogenesis of AMD, and focus on the role of RPE-EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of AMD, so as to realize the clinical transformation of RPE-EVs, and open up new ways for the diagnosis and treatment of AMD.
高优歌,王艳歌,宋宗明. 视网膜色素上皮细胞来源的细胞外囊泡在年龄相关性黄斑变性发病机制中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(09):876-880.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230626-00022版权归中华医学会所有。
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