目的探讨高氧环境对氧诱导视网膜病变(OIR)模型小鼠肾脏代谢物的影响，了解病理性视网膜血管新生和肾损伤之间的潜在机制。
方法采用随机数字表法将16只健康SPF级C57/B6J新生小鼠随机分为OIR组与正常对照组，每组8只。小鼠自出生后标准饲养至第7天(P7)，OIR组小鼠和母鼠置于(75±2)%的高氧箱中饲养至P12，然后正常饲养；正常对照组一直在正常环境下饲养。各组小鼠在饲养P17时采用二氧化碳安乐死，取视网膜组织铺片并行血管异凝集素(IB4)染色，观察视网膜血管形态、中央无灌注区及病理性新生血管情况；另取小鼠肾组织进行液相色谱－质谱分析，取其对应小鼠的全血进行抗凝处理，通过离心沉淀，获得不含细胞成分的血浆，对血浆进行靶向代谢组学分析。使用代谢组学数据处理软件Progenesis QI v2.3对质谱信息进行解析，用无监督的主成分分析及正交偏最小二乘法分析(OPLS-DA)来区分各组间代谢轮廓的总体差异，比较2个组间代谢物的倍数变化。以变量权重值>1且 P<0.05为条件筛选出差异代谢物。基于KEGG数据库对差异代谢物进行代谢通路富集分析。
结果视网膜铺片IB4染色结果显示，P17时正常对照组小鼠视网膜血管分布均匀；OIR组小鼠视网膜周边血管迂曲、紊乱，中央可见大面积无灌注区域形成，在视网膜无灌注区和血管区交界处形成大量新生血管簇，呈强荧光染色。OIR组小鼠视网膜无灌注区相对面积为(25.16±3.50)%，明显大于正常对照组的(0.63±0.30)%，差异有统计学意义( t＝12.07， P<0.001)。OPLS-DA模型参数R2X cum、解释率R2Y cum、和预测率Q2 cum分别为0.578、0.978和0.857，表明OPLS-DA模型具有较好的预测能力。共筛选鉴定到26个主要的差异代谢物，其中上调表达17个，下调表达9个，包括甘油磷脂类化合物[PC 20∶4(5Z，8Z，11Z，14Z)/0∶0、PC 22∶6(4Z，7Z，10Z，13Z，16Z，19Z)/0∶0、PC 14∶1(9Z)/20∶2(11Z，14Z)、PE P-18∶0/20∶4(6E，8Z，11Z，14Z)(5OH[S])]、氨基酸类代谢物(精氨酸、鸟氨酸、哌可酸和羟基赖氨酸)、嘌呤类(鸟嘌呤、次黄嘌呤、羟嘌醇)和脂肪酸类(15-棕榈酸甲酯、2，6，8，12-Tetramethyl-2，4-tridecadien-1-ol)等。差异代谢物主要富集于ABC转运蛋白(L-精氨酸、牛磺酸、肌醇、腺苷、N-乙酰基-D-氨基葡萄糖、L-谷氨酰胺)、氨酰-tRNA生物合成(L-异亮氨酸、L-脯氨酸、L-精氨酸、L-组氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺)、精氨酸生物合成(L-精氨酸、L-鸟氨酸、L-谷氨酰胺)等代谢通路。血浆的靶向代谢组学结果显示，差异的氨基酸类代谢产物主要富集于氨酰-tRNA生物合成、精氨酸生物合成代谢以及ABC转运蛋白等代谢通路。
结论OIR小鼠的ABC转运蛋白、氨酰-tRNA生物合成、精氨酸生物合成代谢通路可能参与了肾损伤及早产儿视网膜病变新生血管形成的病理变化过程。
ObjectiveTo explore the effects of hyperoxic environments on renal metabolites to understand the potential mechanisms that contribute to pathologic retinal vascular neovascularization and renal injury through metabolomic studies in a mouse model of oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model.
MethodsSixteen C57/B6J mice pups born to day 7 (P7) were randomly and equally divided into an OIR model group and a normal control group using a randomized numerical table of mother mice.Mice were reared standardly from birth until day 7 (P7), then mice and their mother mice in the OIR group were placed in a hyperoxic (75±2)% chamber until day 12 (P12) and then reared normally.Mice in the normal control group were reared normally throughout.Mice in two groups were killed by carbon dioxide euthanasia on postnatal day 17 (P17). The mice retinal wholemount from the two groups were made and stained with isolectin B4 (IB4) to observe the morphology of retinal vessels, central non-perfusion area and pathological neovascularization.The kidney tissue of P17 mice was analyzed by liquid chromatograph mass spectrometer.After anticoagulant treatment, the whole blood of mice was centrifuged and precipitated, and the obtained plasma without cellular components was analyzed by targeted metabonomics.Mass spectral information was interpreted using metabolomics data processing software Progenesis QI v2.3.Overall differences in metabolic profiles were distinguished by unsupervised principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares analysis (OPLS-DA). The fold change and P values of metabolites were compared between the two groups.The variable importance of projection value>1 and P value<0.05 was used to screen out differential metabolites.Metabolic pathway enrichment analysis of differential metabolites was performed based on the KEGG database.The feeding and use of animals were strictly in accordance with the requirements of the Ethics Committee of Jinan University, and the research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Jinan University (No.20200401-54).
ResultsThe IB4 staining of retinal wholemounts showed that the retinal blood vessels were evenly distributed in the P17 mice from control group.The peripheral retinal vessels were tortuous and disordered with a large non-perfusion area in central region in P17 mice from OIR group, and a large number of neovascularization clusters were formed at the junction of the nonperfusion area and the vascular area of the retina, showing strong fluorescent staining.The relative area of retinal nonperfusion area in OIR group was (25.16±3.50)%, which was significantly larger than (0.63±0.30)% in normal control group ( t=12.07, P<0.001). The OPLS-DA parameter R2X cum (0.578), interpretation rate R2Y cum (0.978) and prediction rate Q2 cum (0.857) values were all greater than 0.5, indicating that the OPLS-DA model had a good predictive ability.A total of 26 main differential metabolites were found, among which 17 were up-regulated and 9 were down-regulated, including glycerophospholipids (PC 20∶4(5Z, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)/0∶0, PC 22∶6(4Z, 7Z, 10Z, 13Z, 16Z, 19Z)/0∶0, PC 14∶1(9Z)/20∶2(11Z, 14Z), PE P-18∶0/20∶4(6E, 8Z, 11Z, 14Z)(5OH[S]), amino acid metabolites (arginine, ornithine, pipecolic acid, and hydroxylysine), purines (guanine, hypoxanthine, hydroxypurinol), and fatty acids (methyl 15-palmitate, 2, 6, 8, 12-tetramethyl-2, 4-tridecadien-1-ol), and so on.Differential metabolites were mainly enriched in ABC transporters (L-arginine, taurine, inositol, adenosine, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-glutamine), aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis (L-isoleucine, L-proline, L-arginine, L-histidine, L-glutamine), arginine biosynthesis (L-arginine, L-ornithine, L-glutamine) metabolic pathways.The plasma targeted metabonomics showed that the differential amino acid metabolites were mainly enriched in metabolic pathways such as aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine biosynthesis and metabolism, and ABC transporters.
ConclusionsABC transporter, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, and arginine biosynthesis metabolic pathways in OIR mice may participate in the pathological changes of renal injury and neovascularization in retinopathy of prematurity.
董利军,祁慧,杨宇航,等. 氧诱导视网膜病变模型小鼠肾组织代谢组学研究[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(01)：19-28.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220526-00248版权归中华医学会所有。
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董利军：参与酝酿和设计实验、实施研究、采集数据、分析/解释数据、文章撰写；祁慧、杨宇航、毛星星：参与实施研究、采集数据；张国明、张少冲：参与实验设计及论文指导；雷和田：参与实验设计、论文审阅及定稿
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