综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
年龄相关性黄斑变性中RPE细胞程序性死亡的研究进展
景清荷
孔虹雨
赵晨 [综述]
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210322-00196
Progress in programmed cell death of RPE cells in age-related macular degeneration
Jing Qinghe
Kong Hongyu
Zhao Chen
Authors Info & Affiliations
Jing Qinghe
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Kong Hongyu
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
Zhao Chen
Department of Ophthalmology, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210322-00196
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摘要

年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)是全世界老年人致盲的主要原因,其特征是光感受器、视网膜色素上皮(RPE)、Bruch膜及脉络膜毛细血管复合体的功能退化。RPE细胞功能损害是导致临床相关AMD变化的分子途径中的早期及关键事件。程序性死亡(PCD)在应激反应、体内平衡调节和疾病中起着重要作用。各种研究发现,凋亡、焦亡、坏死性凋亡以及铁死亡均可能参与RPE细胞的程序性死亡,进而促进AMD的发生和发展。各种死亡通路间可能存在交互或协同作用。本文就RPE细胞凋亡、焦亡、坏死性凋亡、铁死亡及其相关机制在AMD发生发展中的作用的研究现状进行综述,为AMD的防治提供新思路。

年龄相关性黄斑变性;视网膜色素上皮;程序性细胞死亡;干扰素
ABSTRACT

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in the elderly worldwide and is characterized by degeneration of the photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch membrane and choriocapillaris complex.Impairment of RPE cell function is an early and critical event in the molecular pathways leading to clinically relevant AMD changes.Programmed cell death (PCD) plays an important role in response to stress and regulation of homeostasis and disease.In recent years, multiple studies have shown that apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis are likely involved in RPE cell PCD and correlate with the onset and development of AMD.There may be interaction or synergy between the various death pathways.This article reviewed the pathogenic mechanism of apoptosis, pyroptosis, necroptosis and ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cell and their research progress in AMD, which might provide new approaches for the prevention and treatment of AMD.

Age-related macular degeneration;Retinal pigment epithelium;Programmed cell death;Interferon
Zhao Chen, Email: nc.defudabe.nadufnehcoahz_rd
引用本文

景清荷,孔虹雨,赵晨. 年龄相关性黄斑变性中RPE细胞程序性死亡的研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(01):80-85.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20210322-00196

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年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)是全球老年人口视力丧失的主要原因 [ 1 , 2 ]。随着世界人口老龄化的加剧,到2040年,全球将有2.88亿人受AMD影响 [ 3 ]。AMD的特征表现为光感受器、视网膜色素上皮(retinal pigment epithelium,RPE)、Bruch膜及脉络膜毛细血管复合体的功能退化。RPE细胞的退化引起光感受器不可逆的功能障碍,最终导致视力丧失 [ 4 ]。AMD主要分为干性(非渗出性)和湿性(渗出性)2种类型,其中干性AMD主要表现为地图样萎缩(geographic atrophy,GA),约占AMD患者的90% [ 5 ]。AMD早期阶段表现为RPE色素沉着的变化,溶酶体脂褐素和细胞外黄色核仁沉积物的积累标志着AMD的进展 [ 2 , 3 ]。在晚期阶段,干性AMD的特征是RPE细胞和光感受器细胞缺失,引起外层视网膜萎缩性病变,在黄斑区形成GA [ 2 , 6 ];湿性AMD的特征是脉络膜毛细血管发出新生血管,穿过Bruch膜至视网膜下间隙或视网膜层间,在黄斑区形成脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV) [ 7 ]。在不同类型的AMD中,导致黄斑变性致病事件的顺序可能有所不同 [ 4 ]。在干性AMD中,最初的损伤可能源于受损的蛋白沉积,导致脂褐素及核仁形成以及炎症增加;随着病情的进展,干性AMD可能会转变为湿性AMD,这与脉络膜血管的丧失、缺氧以及随后的CNV的形成密切相关 [ 8 ]。在AMD疾病中,光感受器、RPE、Bruch膜以及脉络膜毛细血管均表现出异常。然而,RPE细胞的功能损害是导致临床相关AMD变化的早期关键事件 [ 9 ]
程序性细胞死亡在应激反应、体内平衡调节和疾病中起着重要作用 [ 10 ]。除了经典的凋亡之外,最近有研究 [ 11 , 12 , 13 ]发现了新的细胞死亡形式,如焦亡、坏死性凋亡和铁死亡,它们均可能参与AMD中RPE细胞的程序性死亡。对程序性细胞死亡通路的研究可能会为AMD的治疗提供新的治疗靶点。
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备注信息
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赵晨,Email: nc.defudabe.nadufnehcoahz_rd
B

景清荷:本文的主要撰写者,负责凋亡、焦亡、铁死亡和程序性死亡间的相互关系的综述及全文的整理;孔虹雨:负责坏死性凋亡部分的综述;赵晨:对文章进行审阅和提出指导性修改意见

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所有患者均声明不存在利益冲突
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国家自然科学基金 (81730025)
上海市优秀学术带头人项目 (18XD1401000)
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