综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
组织工程角膜内皮移植研究进展
贾艳妮
周庆军 [综述]
史伟云 [综述]
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200911-00642
Advances in the tissue-engineered corneal endothelial transplantation
Jia Yanni
Zhou Qingjun
Shi Weiyun
Authors Info & Affiliations
Jia Yanni
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
Zhou Qingjun
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
Shi Weiyun
Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Eye Hospital), State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, School of Ophthalmology, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200911-00642
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摘要

由于角膜供体材料严重短缺,穿透角膜移植术及角膜内皮移植术的临床广泛开展受到严重制约,其根本原因在于健康角膜内皮的增生能力有限。随着组织工程技术和细胞工程技术不断发展,组织工程角膜研究已取得一定进展,应用组织工程技术体外培养高密度、具备健康内皮功能的角膜内皮细胞进行移植是当前研究的热点。组织工程角膜内皮技术研发的关键在于种子细胞、载体材料和移植方式的选择。目前,国内外大量研究的种子细胞来源包括人角膜内皮细胞、干细胞、血管内皮细胞及人羊膜上皮细胞等。常见的载体材料包括羊膜、脱细胞角膜基质、后弹力层、晶状体前囊膜等。体外培养的细胞采用穿透角膜移植术、角膜内皮移植术或前房注射细胞的方式进行移植。本文从角膜内皮种子细胞来源、移植载体选择以及角膜内皮移植方法等方面就组织工程角膜内皮移植研究进展进行综述,总结目前研究面临的问题并展望其前景。

角膜内皮;移植;组织工程;种子细胞;载体
ABSTRACT

Due to the serious shortage of corneal donor, the development of penetrating keratoplasty and corneal endothelial transplantation is severely restricted in clinical practice.The root cause is the limited proliferation capacity of healthy corneal endothelial cells.With the continuous development of tissue engineering technology and cell engineering technology, the research of tissue-engineered cornea has made some progress. In vitro culture of corneal endothelial cells with high density and healthy endothelial function for transplantation is a hot topic in current tissue engineering research.The keys of tissue-engineered corneal endothelial technology include seed cells, vector materials and the strategy of cell transplantation.At present, many research teams domestic and abroad have reported that the source of seed cells includes human corneal endothelial cells, stem cells, vascular endothelial cells and human amniotic epithelial cells.Vector materials include amniotic membrane, acellular corneal stroma, posterior elastic layer, anterior capsular membrane and various biomaterials.The cultured cells are transplanted by penetrating keratoplasty, corneal endothelial transplantation or anterior chamber injection.This review summarized the latest progress in the research on the source of corneal endothelial seed cells, the selection of vectors and the methods of corneal endothelial transplantation, and summed up the problems faced in the current research and looked forward to its prospects.

Endothelium, corneal;Transplantation;Tissue engineering;Seed cells;Vectors
Shi Weiyun, Email: mocdef.3ab61ihsnuyiew
引用本文

贾艳妮,周庆军,史伟云. 组织工程角膜内皮移植研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(02):192-197.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20200911-00642

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角膜组织构成眼球壁外层的前1/6,是眼球的首道屏障。眼球屈光系统中70%以上的屈光功能由角膜完成。角膜内皮细胞是位于角膜后弹力层与房水之间紧贴于后弹力层后面的一层单层细胞,其是由神经嵴分化产生的单层扁平六边形细胞,细胞间存在缝隙连接,构成了角膜基质和房水之间的通透屏障。细胞膜上存在的Na /K -ATPase、水通道蛋白1(aquaporin 1,AQP-1)以及离子通道共同发挥作用来维持角膜透明。随着年龄增长,正常人的角膜内皮细胞中规则六边形细胞所占比例逐渐下降,同时内皮细胞密度逐渐降低。人角膜内皮细胞属于分化终末期细胞,细胞间存在的接触-抑制以及前房中存在的转化生长因子β2(transforming growth factor-β2,TGF-β2)发挥负性调节作用,从而导致细胞始终停留在G1期,在体内增生和再生能力极为有限 [ 1 ]。外伤、炎症、白内障手术、急性闭角型青光眼等造成的内皮细胞损伤和丢失不能再生,只能依靠周围细胞的扩大和移行来填补,细胞功能急剧衰减 [ 2 ]。当人角膜内皮细胞密度下降到其生理临界值(约500个/mm 2)时,会造成角膜内皮细胞功能失代偿,出现角膜水肿混浊及上皮下水泡,严重者造成视力丧失导致角膜内皮盲。目前因角膜内皮功能失代偿而需要行角膜移植手术治疗的疾病主要包括大泡性角膜病变和Fuchs角膜内皮营养不良等。穿透角膜移植术由于目前尚无法克服移植后的免疫排斥反应、术后高度散光、角膜缝线带来的新生血管以及感染风险等并发症,严重制约了其在临床上的广泛开展。角膜内皮移植术通过移植健康有功能的角膜内皮细胞,取代受损或病变的角膜内皮细胞从而恢复角膜透明度,相对而言,单纯内皮细胞层的移植可以降低术后免疫排斥反应的发生率 [ 3 ]。但角膜内皮移植术目前存在的主要问题仍然是移植供体材料严重不足,因此开发组织工程角膜具有极高的应用前景。理想的组织工程角膜应包括角膜上皮、基质和内皮,但从临床治疗和产品研发的角度考虑,组织工程角膜上皮、基质和内皮等组织工程成分角膜研发的科学性与可行性更高,且已取得显著进展 [ 4 , 5 ]。针对角膜内皮功能失代偿,应用组织工程技术体外培养具备规则六边形形态和健康内皮功能的高密度角膜内皮种子细胞来替代供体角膜内皮是目前研究的热点。本文就组织工程角膜内皮移植的研究进展进行综述。
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史伟云Email: mocdef.3ab61ihsnuyiew
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C
国家自然科学基金 (81700811、81900834)
山东省自然科学基金 (ZR2019ZD37、ZR2023MH187)
泰山学者攀登计划 (tspd20161059)
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