目的调查宁夏地区成年人群白内障患病率、手术覆盖率和术后视力现状。
方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样横断面研究，抽取宁夏地区10个调查点，对其中18岁及以上人群进行调查，调查内容包括调查问卷、身高、体质量测量，视力、眼压、眼底照相和裂隙灯显微镜检查。分析白内障患病情况及其影响因素，调查受检人群不同年龄分组情况下白内障患病率、手术覆盖率及白内障术后生活视力(PVA)和最佳矫正视力(BCVA)情况。
结果应检6 145人，实际检查人数5 721人，受检率为93.10%。受检人群年龄为18～93岁，平均(64.27±13.48)岁；男性2 558人，占44.71%；女性3 163人，占55.28%。其中，确诊为白内障患者1 180例，白内障患病率为20.62%。白内障患病率随着年龄增长而升高，随受教育程度的升高而逐步下降，差异均有统计学意义( χ 2＝1 091.32、581.92，均 P<0.01)；患有高血压、糖尿病、高血脂、冠心病人群的白内障患病率明显高于无相应疾病的人群，差异均有统计学意义( χ 2＝274.65、118.15、78.05、182.71，均 P<0.01)。白内障患病人群中行白内障手术者245例，手术覆盖率为20.76%，其中人工晶状体植入229例，植入率93.40%；白内障盲社会负担率为2.29%，并随着年龄的增长而升高。行白内障手术的339眼中241眼PVA≥0.3，占71.09%，272眼BCVA≥0.3，占80.24%。
结论白内障仍是宁夏地区高龄人群视力损伤甚至盲的主要原因，白内障盲社会负担率较高；宁夏地区白内障手术覆盖率较低，手术数量和质量均有待提高。
ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence of cataracts, the surgical coverage, and postoperative visual acuity of adults in Ningxia.
MethodsA cross-sectional study using multistage cluster random sampling was conducted.Ten survey sites in Ningxia were selected and the population aged 18 years and over was surveyed with questionnaire, height and weight measurements, visual acuity, intraocular pressure, fundus photography and slit-lamp examinations.Cataract prevalence and its influencing factors were analyzed.Cataract prevalence, surgical coverage and presenting visual acuity (PVA) and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) after surgery were investigated in different age groups of the examined population.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the Ethics Committee of the People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (No.[2023]-LL-010).Participants signed informed consent prior to the examination.
ResultsA total of 6 145 people should be examined, and 5 721 people were actually examined, with an examination rate of 93.10%.The study population consisted of 2 558 males, accounting for 44.71%, and 3 163 females, accounting for 55.28%, with ages ranging from 18 to 93 years old and an average age of (64.27±13.48) years.Among them, 1 180 patients diagnosed with cataract, with a cataract prevalence of 20.62%.The prevalence of cataract increased with age and decreased with education level, showing statistically significant differences ( χ 2=1 091.32, 581.92; both at P<0.01).The prevalence of cataract was significantly higher among people with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and coronary heart disease than those without these diseases ( χ 2=274.65, 118.15, 78.05, 182.71; all at P<0.01).Cataract surgery was performed in 245 cases in the cataract patient population, with a surgical coverage rate of 20.76%.Of the 245 cases, 229 cases were implanted with IOLs, with an implantation rate of 93.40%.The social burden rate of cataract blindness was 2.29%, and increased with age.Of the 339 eyes that underwent cataract surgery, 241 had a PVA≥0.3, accounting for 71.09%, and 272 had a BCVA≥0.3, accounting for 80.24%.
ConclusionsIn Ningxia, cataracts are still the main cause of vision impairment and blindness in the elderly, and the social burden rate of cataract blindness is high.Moreover, the coverage rate of cataract surgery is low, so both the coverage and quality of surgery need improvement.
张金金,陈琳,田恬,等. 宁夏地区白内障患病率和手术覆盖率调查[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(03)：279-284.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230211-00046版权归中华医学会所有。
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张金金：参与研究设计、数据收集、统计分析、论文撰写；陈琳：数据收集、统计分析；田恬、刘海军、牛伟、张雪、季梦莉：数据收集与录入；庄文娟：参与研究设计、论文修改及定稿
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