综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
调控Ang/Tie信号通路治疗眼底新生血管性疾病的研究进展
杨婧研
魏文斌 [综述]
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220618-00283
Research progress on regulation of Ang/Tie signaling pathway in the treatment of ocular neovascular diseases
Yang Jingyan
Wei Wenbin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Yang Jingyan
Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
Wei Wenbin
Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment, Beijing Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Key Lab, Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100730, China
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220618-00283
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摘要

抗血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)治疗应用于眼底新生血管疾病领域以来,在提高视力、稳定疾病病变和在某些情况下逆转疾病方面显示了卓越的效果。但抗VEGF治疗需要频繁玻璃体内注射给药,患者治疗负担重,长期疗效受影响。前期临床研究发现,调控血管生成素(Ang)/含免疫球蛋白样环和上皮生长因子样域酪氨酸激酶(Tie)通路在眼底新生血管疾病的治疗中有较好的效果。目前已发布了3个Ang/Tie通路阻断药物治疗眼底新生血管疾病的临床研究数据,其中靶向VEGF-A和Ang-2的双特异性免疫球蛋白G1抗体faricimab进入了Ⅲ期临床试验并达到终点,faricimab的2种延长治疗间隔(12周和16周)的给药方案均被证实有效。本文基于已发表的研究报告,就调控Ang/Tie通路在眼底新生血管性疾病治疗中的作用及临床应用作一综述,总结分析Ang/Tie通路的作用机制以及未来药物的应用前景。

眼底新生血管疾病;抗新生血管生成;Ang/Tie通路
ABSTRACT

The emergence of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy has reduced the overall incidence of blindness from ocular neovascular disease.However, frequent intravitreal injections of anti-VEGF therapy are required, which places a significant burden to patients and affects long-term benefits.The angiopoietin (Ang)/tyrosine kinase with immunoglobulin-like and endothelial growth factor-like domains (Tie) pathways are identified as potentially therapeutic regulators for ocular neovascular disease, with additional benefits over anti-VEGF-A therapy.For ocular neovascular diseases, three molecules targeting the Ang/Tie pathway have been studied in clinical trials and the data released, in which faricimab, a bispecific immunoglobulin G1 antibody targeting VEGF-A and Ang-2, entered phase Ⅲ studies and met primary clinical endpoints, and two dosing regimens with prolonged treatment intervals (12 and 16 weeks) of faricimab showed reliable efficacy.Overall, the regulation of Ang/Tie pathway provides a new treatment option for ocular neovascular diseases, and it is necessary to deeply understand the mechanism of action of the pathway and accumulate more clinical data in the future.

Retinal neovascularization;Anti-neovascularization;Ang/Tie pathway
Wei Wenbin, Email: mocdef.3ab61nibnewiew_rt
引用本文

杨婧研,魏文斌. 调控Ang/Tie信号通路治疗眼底新生血管性疾病的研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(05):467-472.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220618-00283

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眼底新生血管性疾病是以眼底血管改变为原发性、核心性改变的一类疾病,其临床关注度高,相关研究较活跃。临床常见的眼底新生血管性疾病主要有糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)、糖尿病性黄斑水肿(diabetic macular edema,DME)、新生血管性年龄相关性黄斑变性(neovascular age-related macular degeneration,nAMD)、视网膜静脉阻塞(retinal vein occlusion,RVO)等 [ 1 ]。血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)/VEGF受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)通路是目前公认的调节新生血管生成的重要通路,也是临床应用范围最广的抗新生血管生成治疗靶点 [ 2 ]。在过去15年间,玻璃体内注射抗VEGF药物治疗已成为nAMD和DME的一线标准治疗,降低了眼底新生血管性疾病的总体致盲率 [ 3 ]。目前,抗VEGF治疗眼底新生血管性疾病在临床应用中仍存在一定局限性,如抗VEGF药物的半衰期较短,需要每月或每2个月注射1次以确保疗效。频繁的玻璃体内注射抗VEGF治疗可能导致部分患者出现应答不佳和抵抗,甚至快速耐药,并且在临床实践中往往因患者依从性差而影响治疗效果。真实世界研究显示患者视力获益与治疗强度相关,中国nAMD患者接受抗VEGF治疗的依从性差,长期疗效不佳。北京医院对中国nAMD患者5年的随访结果显示,5年内患者平均接受的总注射针次为11.53次,远低于临床研究中每月1次的治疗频次 [ 4 , 5 ]。但即使是在密切监测和坚持最佳给药频率(每4周1次)的情况下,也仅约44%的患者最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA)能达到0.27(~20/40 Snellen视力) [ 6 , 7 ]。随访结果显示,临床研究期间抗VEGF治疗对BCVA的改善无法长期维持 [ 8 , 9 ]。此外有研究还发现,超过60%的nAMD和DME患者在停止抗VEGF治疗2年后仍存在持续性的脉络膜积液和视网膜增厚 [ 10 , 11 ]。因此迫切需要开发新的治疗方法,以减轻治疗负担和维持长期的疗效。
近年来的研究发现,调控血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)/含免疫球蛋白样环和上皮生长因子样域酪氨酸激酶(tyrosine kinase that contains immunoglobulin-like loops and epidermal growth factor-similar domains,Tie)通路可作为眼底新生血管性疾病临床治疗的新方向。Ang/Tie通路在调节血管稳定性、生理和病理性血管生成,以及炎症反应中发挥着重要作用,并能与VEGF通路协同作用 [ 12 , 13 ]。临床前试验和临床研究证据显示,靶向调节Ang/Tie通路或联合作用于Ang-2/VEGF-A可恢复血管稳定性和减少炎症,在眼底新生血管性疾病中具有治疗潜力 [ 14 ]
本综述基于现有的研究结果,总结分析了调控Ang/Tie通路在眼底新生血管性疾病中的潜在治疗价值和应用前景,以期为我国眼底病的临床诊疗提供新思路,为开展进一步研究提供依据。
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备注信息
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魏文斌,Email: mocdef.3ab61nibnewiew_rt
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所有作者均声明不存在任何利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金 (82220108017、82141128)
北京市自然科学基金 (7232024)
首都卫生发展科研专项 (首发2020-1-2052)
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