综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
视网膜内界膜的结构和生理功能及其在相关疾病中的作用
梁佳
陈璐 [综述]
张少冲 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220714-00322
Structure and physiological function of internal limiting membrane and its role in related diseases
Liang Jia
Chen Lu
Zhang Shaochong
Authors Info & Affiliations
Liang Jia
Retina Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Chen Lu
Retina Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
Zhang Shaochong
Retina Department, Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen 518040, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220714-00322
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摘要

内界膜是Müller细胞基底膜、少量胶质细胞组成的半透明均质膜。内界膜组分中的α胶原蛋白、硫酸盐蛋白糖、层粘连蛋白等在视网膜基底膜和视网膜神经血管的发育以及视网膜屏障的形成中发挥着重要作用,其成分结构以及理化性质的病理改变与许多玻璃体视网膜疾病的发生发展息息相关。目前,内界膜剥除术可有效解除残留玻璃体皮质对视网膜的牵拉,预防术后黄斑前膜的生成,被广泛用于内界膜相关疾病,但仍存在视网膜微结构和生理功能受损等问题。因此,多种内界膜改良术也应运而生,包括保留中心凹的内界膜剥除、内界膜翻转、自体内界膜移植等。本文就内界膜的理化性质、生理功能、相关疾病中的病理改变及内界膜相关的手术方式进行综述,旨在加深对内界膜的认识,为临床相关疾病的诊疗提供帮助。

内界膜;理化性质;生理功能;病理改变;手术方式
ABSTRACT

Internal limiting membrane (ILM) is a translucent homogeneous membrane composed of Müller cell basement membrane and a small number of glial cells.The alpha collagen, sulfate protein sugar and laminin in ILM play important roles in the development of retinal basement membrane and neurovascular structure and in the formation of retinal barrier.However, when pathological changes occur in its composition, structure and physical and chemical properties, it may cause the occurrence and development of many vitreoretinal diseases.At present, ILM peeling which is widely used in vitreoretinal diseases can effectively relieve the traction of residual vitreous cortex on retina and prevent postoperative epiretinal membrane formation, but there are still some problems such as retinal microstructure and physiological function damage.Therefore, some ILM-modified surgeries have been developed, including fovea-sparing ILM peeling, inverted ILM flap, and ILM transplantation technique.This article summarizes the physical and chemical properties, physiological functions, pathologic changes in ILM-related diseases and ILM-related surgical methods, with the goal of providing an advanced understanding of the ILM and aiding in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Internal limiting membrane;Physicochemical properties;Physiological functions;Pathologic changes;Surgery
Zhang Shaochong, Email: mocdef.cabozzggnohcoahsgnahz
引用本文

梁佳,陈璐,张少冲. 视网膜内界膜的结构和生理功能及其在相关疾病中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(05):478-482.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20220714-00322

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内界膜是玻璃体-视网膜交界处的基底膜,内表面与玻璃体皮质接触,外表面与视网膜Müller细胞纤维脚板吻合,从视盘边缘至周边覆盖于整个视网膜表面 [ 1 ]。内界膜参与玻璃体及视网膜的多种生理病理过程,生理情况下,其参与视网膜发育、神经血管生成和视网膜屏障的构成;而病理状态下,其参与玻璃体黄斑牵引、视网膜前膜、黄斑裂孔、糖尿病纤维血管增生和增生性玻璃体视网膜病变等疾病的发生和发展 [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]。近年来,随着蛋白质组学分析、超微结构成像等技术的进步,内界膜的微观结构也逐渐受到研究者的关注,研究发现内界膜的成分、结构以及相应的生物力学性能会随着年龄的增长或疾病影响发生变化,最终影响玻璃体视网膜疾病的发生和发展。因此,内界膜在眼科疾病中的作用尤为重要,深入了解内界膜的结构和功能,有利于阐明内界膜相关疾病的发病机制,同时指导临床诊疗和内界膜相关手术的选择。
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备注信息
A
张少冲,Email: mocdef.cabozzggnohcoahsgnahz
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
感谢黄艳媛、方冬、谢婷、黄灿凤、魏朋雪对本文做出的贡献
D
国家自然科学基金 (82301223、82271102)
广东省基础和应用基础研究基金 (2022A1515111155)
深圳市科技计划项目 (KCXFZ20211020163813019、RCB20210706092347043)
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