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《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球创议(2024版)》解读:嗜酸性粒细胞和2型炎症
廖艺璇
郭岩斐
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn131368-20240417-00204
Interpretation of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (2024 report): eosinophils and type 2 inflammation
Liao Yixuan
Guo Yanfei
Authors Info & Affiliations
Liao Yixuan
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Guo Yanfei
Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn131368-20240417-00204
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摘要

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(慢阻肺)是一种常见的慢性气道炎症性疾病,具有一定的异质性。部分慢阻肺患者表现为以嗜酸性粒细胞(EOS)增加为特征的2型炎症内型。《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球创议(2024版)》新增血EOS计数作为慢阻肺初始评估指标之一,提出用血EOS计数来预测吸入性糖皮质激素(ICS)在预防未来急性加重方面的作用,并指导ICS应用。本文就EOS与2型炎症在慢阻肺患者临床治疗和预后方面的进展进行解读,以期为慢阻肺的精准个体化治疗提供参考。

肺疾病,慢性阻塞性;肺嗜酸粒细胞增多;2型炎症;糖皮质激素类;分子靶向治疗
ABSTRACT

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic airway inflammatory disease with certain heterogeneity.Some patients with COPD present with type 2 inflammation characterized by an increase in eosinophils (EOS).Interpretation of the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2024 report added a blood EOS count as one of the initial evaluation measures for COPD, proposing to use blood EOS counts to predict the effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in preventing future exacerbation and to guide ICS use.This article reviewed the research progress of EOS and type 2 inflammation in the clinical prognosis and treatment of patients with COPD, in order to provide reference for the precise and personalized treatment of COPD.

Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive;Pulmonary eosinophilia;Type 2 inflammation;Glucocorticoids;Molecular targeted therapy
Guo Yanfei, Email: mocdef.6ab213002ougiefnay
引用本文

廖艺璇,郭岩斐. 《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球创议(2024版)》解读:嗜酸性粒细胞和2型炎症[J]. 国际呼吸杂志,2024,44(06):637-642.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn131368-20240417-00204

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《慢性阻塞性肺疾病全球创议(Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease,GOLD)2024》于2023年11月13日发布,相较于GOLD 2023进行了十大更新,包括扩充一秒率正常的肺功能受损概念,增加肺过度充气部分,增加吸入支气管扩张剂前进行肺功能检查的说明,增加慢阻肺目标人群筛查部分,初始评估更新血嗜酸性粒细胞(eosinophils,EOS)计数内容,更新肺间质异常部分,修订戒烟部分,更新疫苗接种推荐,扩充吸入治疗管理内容和增加戒烟药物治疗。本文主要关注更新要点中的血EOS计数部分。
慢阻肺发病机制的异质性是治疗难点之一。慢阻肺的发病机制涉及多种炎症细胞的激活,如淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、巨噬细胞和EOS。有10%~40%的慢阻肺患者表现为以EOS增加为特征的2型炎症内型 [ 1 ]。2型炎症是以Th2细胞、2型天然淋巴细胞(group 2 Innate lymphoid cells,ILC2s),以及相关细胞因子IL-4、IL-5、IL-13、IL-33、胸腺基质淋巴细胞生成素(thymic stromal lymphopoietin,TSLP)等为主所介导的炎症,引起效应细胞活化增殖(如B细胞活化成浆细胞分泌免疫球蛋白E)或被募集活化(如肥大细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞和EOS),导致局部受累器官微循环扩张,通透性增加,渗出增多,相关细胞浸润等炎症反应 [ 2 ]。目前高EOS的临界值尚未统一,研究多将血中EOS≥300个/μl或血中EOS分类≥2%和(或)痰中EOS≥3%定为EOS型慢阻肺 [ 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 ]。基于慢阻肺血EOS与气道2型炎症标志物的相关性,血EOS在短期内较好的稳定性 [ 7 , 8 , 9 ],血EOS预测急性加重的能力,对第1秒用力呼气容积(forced expiratory volume in one second,FEV 1)下降的影响,以及预测吸入性糖皮质激素(inhaled corticosteroid,ICS)治疗反应的程度,在沿用慢阻肺初始评估框架的基础上,GOLD 2024新增血EOS计数作为初始评估指标之一,与气流阻塞严重程度、症状、既往中重度急性加重史,以及共患病共同列入慢阻肺病初始评估体系 [ 10 ]。充分了解以EOS为代表的2型炎症,对于慢阻肺风险评估、药物治疗选择和降低疾病负担等具有重要意义。本文就EOS与2型炎症在慢阻肺患者治疗与预后的进展进行解读。
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郭岩斐,Email: mocdef.6ab213002ougiefnay
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首都卫生发展科研专项 (2024-2-4057)
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