综述
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
甲状腺相关眼病的危险因素研究进展
王楠
马建民 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201217-00847
Research progress on risk factors of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy
Wang Nan
Ma Jianmin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Wang Nan
Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
Ma Jianmin
Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Key Laboratory, Beijing 100730, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201217-00847
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摘要

甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)是成人较多见的眼眶疾病之一,它与自身免疫性甲状腺疾病有着密不可分的关系。TAO可引起患者容貌损害,严重者可以引起患者视功能受损,甚至致盲,极大地损害了患者身心健康及社会功能。早期预测及诊断TAO的发生和发展,及时进行干预治疗有助于改善患者的临床表现,提高患者的生活质量。TAO危险因素众多,受遗传、免疫、环境及全身状态的共同影响。其中环境因素及全身情况可通过早期干预控制疾病进展,使患者受益。本文将与TAO发生相关的危险因素进行综述,以期为TAO的早期预测及诊断提供参考,对高危人群的疾病预防提供思路。

甲状腺相关眼病;危险因素;环境;遗传;免疫
ABSTRACT

Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) is one of the common orbital diseases in adults, which is closely related to autoimmune thyroid diseases.TAO can cause disfigurement.In severe cases, TAO can impair patients' visual function and even result in blindness.TAO greatly damages patients' physical and mental health and causes social barriers.Early prediction and diagnosis, and timely intervention and treatment can improve the clinical manifestations of patients and enhance their quality of life.There are many risk factors for TAO, which are influenced by heredity, immunity, environment, general state and other factors.Among them, environmental factors and general conditions can slow down the progress of the disease through early intervention and benefit patients.This article analyzes the risk factors related to TAO to provide references for early prediction and diagnosis of TAO and provide ideas for prevention of high-risk populations.

Thyroid associated ophthalmopathy;Risk factors;Environment;Genetics;Immune
Ma Jianmin, Email: mocdef.aabnisammj
引用本文

王楠,马建民. 甲状腺相关眼病的危险因素研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(09):871-875.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20201217-00847

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甲状腺相关眼病(thyroid associated ophthalmopathy,TAO)是成人常见的眼眶疾病之一。因90%的TAO病例与Graves病有关 [ 1 ],TAO也被称为Graves眼病(Graves ophthalmopathy,GO)。TAO的发病机制尚不明确,目前认为是在异常的体液免疫及细胞免疫状态下,眶内前脂肪细胞及纤维细胞异常增殖、水肿、分泌糖胺聚糖,导致以眼外肌及眶内脂肪受累为主的自身免疫性疾病。大约90%的TAO患者伴有不同程度的甲状腺功能亢进,但也有约5%的患者存在甲状腺功能减退,另外约5%的患者则甲状腺功能正常 [ 2 ]。除甲状腺功能异常引起的全身表现外,患者通常表现为双眼眼球突出、眼睑肿胀、眼睑退缩、上睑迟落、眼球运动障碍、斜视、复视、眼部胀痛和干眼等症状,病情严重者还可能发生暴露性角膜炎和视神经病变,严重影响患者视力。事实上,即使临床表现为单侧眼受累的病例,影像学上通常也能发现对侧眼受累的证据 [ 3 ]。虽然统计学数据表明,仅约1/3的甲状腺疾病患者会并发TAO,但多项研究已经证实高达90%的甲状腺疾病患者在影像学上可以观察到眼眶受累的表现 [ 4 ]。由于TAO不仅可以破坏眼眶正常组织结构,还可能损害患者的外貌和视功能,故相比于其他慢性眼病,TAO患者生活质量下降、社会功能损害及失业的风险更高 [ 5 ]。目前的治疗方法临床效果并不理想,TAO发生后较难根治 [ 6 ]。早期发现和干预对改善TAO的预后至关重要。本文将对国内外有关于TAO发生危险因素的研究进行综述,以期为早期预测和识别TAO提供新思路,从而更有效地控制眼部症状,改善患者预后,提高患者生活质量。
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备注信息
A
马建民,Email: mocdef.aabnisammj
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家重点研发项目 (2023YFC2410203)
北京市自然科学基金 (7222025)
北京市医院管理中心的登峰人才计划 (DFL20190201)
北京市科技新星计划交叉合作课题 (20220484218)
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