Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common respiratory pathogens affecting children under 5 years old worldwide, posing a significant threat to their health.In recent years, substantial progress has been made in the field of RSV-related diseases.In order to guide and standardize the clinical decision-making process for RSV diagnosis and treatment and to enhance the prevention and control of RSV infections among children, a guideline development committee has been formed.This committee comprises experts in pediatric respiratory diseases, infectious diseases, neonatology, healthcare, clinical epidemiology, health statistics, virology, evidence-based medicine, and health economics.Following the methodology of constructing clinical practice guidelines, 12 clinical questions associating with the detection, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of RSV-related diseases were proposed from a clinical practice perspective.Through these questions construction, evidence retrieval evaluation, and recommendation opinion discussion, the " Chinese pediatric guideline for diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infection (medical version, 2024)" were finally formulated to enhance the clinical management and control capabilities of RSV infection related diseases in Chinese children.
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本指南遵循临床实践指南构建方法学,符合美国医学科学院(institution of medicine,IOM)临床实践指南概念
[
10
],参考2014年发布的《世界卫生组织指南制订手册》的制订流程以及相关方法学标准
[
11
],及指南研究与评价工具(appraisal of guidelines for research and evaluation,AGREE Ⅱ)
[
12
]制订指南计划书和正式指南文件。指南报告参考卫生保健实践指南的报告条目(reporting items for practice guidelines in healthcare,RIGHT)
[
13
]。指南设立指导委员会、制订组、秘书组和外部评审小组。由儿童呼吸科、感染科、新生儿科、保健科医师以及专业期刊编辑、临床流行病学、卫生统计学、病毒学、循证医学、卫生经济学等学科领域的27名专家、学者和研究人员组成,均声明不存在相关经济或非经济性利益冲突。本指南使用人群为各级、各类医疗卫生机构从事儿童呼吸道感染相关工作的临床医师、护士、技术人员及相关科研工作人员;目标人群为5岁以下RSV相关呼吸道感染患者。
本指南通过问卷调研拟定了12个临床问题,检索策略和指南制订方案详见《中国儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染诊疗及预防指南计划书》
[
14
] ,检索时限均为建库至2023年7月。本指南采用证据推荐分级评估、制订与评价方法(grading of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE)系统(
表1
)对推荐意见的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级,并形成推荐意见
[
15
],综合考虑证据质量、患儿/家长的偏好和价值观、干预措施成本等利弊平衡后共拟定16条推荐意见。于2024年8月11日召开线上专家共识会议,逐条讨论推荐意见、最终达成共识。参考反馈意见进一步修改指南全文,并由5名外部评审专家审定,最后交由指导委员会审核最终定稿。指南工作组将根据证据更新情况,在3~5年内适时启动更新。
分级
描述
证据质量
高(A)
非常有把握观察值接近真实值
中(B)
对观察值有中等把握:观察值有可能接近真实值,但也有可能差别很大
低(C)
对观察值的把握有限:观察值可能与真实值有很大差别
极低(D)
对观察值几乎没有把握:观察值与真实值可能有极大差别
推荐强度
强(1)
明确显示利大于弊或弊大于利
弱(2)
利弊不确定或无论质量高低的证据均显示利弊相当
展开表格
GRADE证据质量分级和推荐强度
GRADE evidence quality grading and recommendation strength
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