指南与共识
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
术后甲状旁腺功能减退症管理专家共识
中国研究型医院学会甲状旁腺及骨代谢疾病专业委员会
中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会
王鸥
陈曦
孙立昊
陈德才
陈丽萌
廖泉
刘建民
作者及单位信息
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20240814-00355
Consensus on the management of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism
Society of Parathyroid and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Chinese Research Hospital Association;
Chinese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research
Wang Ou
Chen Xi
Sun Lihao
Chen Decai
Chen Limeng
Liao Quan
Liu Jianmin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Society of Parathyroid and Metabolic Bone Diseases, Chinese Research Hospital Association;
Chinese Society of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research
Wang Ou
Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Chen Xi
Department of Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
Sun Lihao
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
Chen Decai
Department of Endocrinology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
Chen Limeng
Department of Nephrology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Liao Quan
Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
Liu Jianmin
Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Ruijing Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20240814-00355
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摘要

术后甲状旁腺功能减退症是甲状旁腺功能减退症的常见病因,其临床表现多样,急重者危及生命,慢性者影响生活质量,需不断提高对此类情况的识别和处置水平。来自国内外科、内分泌科和肾脏科的专家,围绕手术后出现甲状旁腺功能减退症的病理生理改变、临床和生化表现、紧急救治和长期治疗等方面,提出了管理共识。

甲状旁腺功能减退;低钙血症;术后;管理;共识
ABSTRACT

Postsurgical hypoparathyroidism is a common cause of hypoparathyroidism, with a variety of clinical manifestations. It is life-threatening in acute and severe cases, and may lead to poor quality of life in chronic patients. It is imperative to consistently enhance the identification and governance of such circumstance. Focusing on the pathophysiological changes, clinical and biochemical features, acute and chronic treatments of postsurgical hypoparathyroidism, a consensus was developed by domestic experts from surgery, endocrinology and nephrology.

Hypoparathyroidism;Hypocalcemia;Postoperative;Management;Consensus
Liao Quan, Email: mocdef.6ab21cmupql;
Liu Jianmin, Email: nc.defmoabc.hjr68501mjl
引用本文

中国研究型医院学会甲状旁腺及骨代谢疾病专业委员会,中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会,王鸥,等. 术后甲状旁腺功能减退症管理专家共识[J]. 中华内分泌代谢杂志,2024,40(10):817-825.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn311282-20240814-00355

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一、前言
甲状旁腺功能减退症(甲旁减)是一种由于甲状旁腺素(parathyroid hormone, PTH)合成或分泌不足,导致出现以低钙血症为生化特征的临床综合征。其定义为当低血钙(离子钙或白蛋白校正血钙降低)时,在至少间隔2周的情况下,2次PTH测值低于正常或检测下限,或不恰当地处于正常范围内 [ 1 , 2 ]。术后甲旁减是其最常见病因,约占所有甲旁减的75%,同时也是颈前手术、尤其是双侧甲状腺切除手术的最常见并发症之一 [ 1 , 2 ],因原发性或继发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症(甲旁亢)而切除1个或多个甲状旁腺后,也会出现甲旁减。术后甲旁减发生的危险因素涉及患者颈部疾病性质(甲状腺癌、Graves病)、术前血电解质、PTH水平、维生素D(VitD)状态、基础疾病(如肥胖等)和颈部手术范围(甲状腺全切,同时切除甲状腺和甲状旁腺,多次颈部手术,双侧颈部探查等)等;而术后监测、各种纠正甲旁减治疗措施的实施、患者对治疗的依从性和疗效及不良反应也都会影响疾病的发展 [ 3 ]
术后甲旁减可急性发生或为短暂性,常于术后4~6周缓解,一般不超过6个月。以在低血钙或低白蛋白校正血钙的情况下,术后测不到血清PTH或PTH水平低下,或PTH水平不恰当地处于正常范围内少于6个月定义为短暂性术后甲旁减,其约占甲状腺全切手术患者的25%~30% [ 4 ]。对于慢性或持续性术后甲旁减的时间定义,大多数研究及指南以术后6或12个月为界 [ 5 ]。如果颈部手术后12个月,血钙水平仍低于正常,或需要补充钙剂、普通VitD或活性VitD才能维持血钙正常,则可诊断为持续性甲旁减 [ 2 ]。甲状腺切除术后的持续性甲旁减可达8.7%~31.5% [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]。国内一项研究显示甲状腺结节术后的短暂性和持续性甲旁减发生率分别为11.47%和10.47% [ 9 ]。对临床未明确淋巴结转移的中国甲状腺乳头状癌手术患者的 meta分析显示,预防性颈淋巴结清扫术加全甲状腺切除与全甲状腺切除术相比,发生短暂性(23.26%对11.11%; OR=2.24,95% CI 1.32~3.81)和持续性(5.61%对1.23%; OR=3.58,95% CI 1.24~10.37)甲旁减的风险明显升高 [ 10 ]
甲旁减所导致的急慢性低钙血症,临床表现多样,急性者可危及生命,慢性者影响生活质量。需要特别重视手术相关的甲旁减,不断提高对此类情况的识别和处置水平。为此,中国研究型医院学会甲状旁腺及骨代谢疾病专业委员会和中华医学会骨质疏松和骨矿盐疾病分会组织国内外科、内分泌科、肾脏科专家,就甲状腺疾病、原发性甲旁亢和慢性肾脏病继发性甲旁亢患者行甲状腺或甲状旁腺手术后出现的甲旁减,从病理生理改变、临床和生化表现、紧急救治和长期管理等方面,通过检索文献、小组和大组讨论,总结国内外经验,达成本共识。
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