临床研究
ENGLISH ABSTRACT
新型冠状病毒感染相关眼底病变患者的临床特征及疾病转归
王沙沙
李秋明
周咏薇
武佳卉
马立欣
董淑倩
作者及单位信息
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DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240205-00037
Clinical features and disease outcomes of patients with fundus lesions associated with novel coronavirus infection
Wang Shasha
Li Qiuming
Zhou Yongwei
Wu Jiahui
Ma Lixin
Dong Shuqian
Authors Info & Affiliations
Wang Shasha
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Li Qiuming
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Zhou Yongwei
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Wu Jiahui
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Ma Lixin
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
Dong Shuqian
Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Provincial Ophthalmic Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
·
DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240205-00037
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摘要

目的观察新型冠状病毒感染(COVID-19)相关眼底病变患者的临床特征及疾病转归。

方法采用系列病例观察研究设计,纳入2022年12月至2023年2月在郑州大学第一附属医院眼科门诊检查确诊的COVID-19相关眼底病变患者10例18眼。对患眼行最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压、裂隙灯显微镜、扫描激光眼底照相(SLO)、红外眼底照相、光学相干断层扫描(OCT)、视野、微视野检查。明确诊断后根据患者意愿,6例患者口服甲钴胺、长春胺、迈之灵片治疗,4例患者口服甲泼尼龙片治疗,起始剂量每天32 mg,每5 d减4 mg,同时口服氯化钾片、碳酸钙片、奥美拉唑肠溶胶囊。根据患者的急性黄斑神经视网膜病变(AMN)诊断及治疗方案分为AMN糖皮质激素治疗组4例7眼和AMN非糖皮质激素治疗组4例8眼。随访4周,比较治疗前后BCVA、视网膜形态和结构、视网膜敏感度及注视稳定性。

结果10例18眼中AMN 9例17眼,其中合并Purtscher样视网膜病变(PLR)1眼,合并急性旁中心中层黄斑病变(PAMM)1眼;多发性一过性白点综合征(MEWDS)1眼。AMN患者SLO图像可见黄斑区中心凹或旁中心凹红褐色不规则病灶,OCT图像可见黄斑中心或旁中心区外丛状层、外核层间呈斑片状强反射,相邻椭圆体带/嵌合体带有不同程度的局部断裂,反射信号紊乱。患眼治疗后4周BCVA较治疗前提升,差异有统计学意义( Z=-2.823, P<0.05)。患眼治疗后4周视网膜敏感度为(26.57±2.24)dB,较治疗前的(24.17±2.73)dB显著提升,差异有统计学意义( t=-11.329, P<0.001)。AMN糖皮质激素治疗组和AMN非糖皮质激素治疗组治疗前和治疗后4周BCVA差值和视网膜敏感度差值比较,差异均无统计学意义( Z=-0.986, P>0.05; t=-1.656, P>0.05)。

结论COVID-19相关眼底病变主要表现为AMN、PAMM、PLR、MEWDS等;OCT、微视野等辅助检查可以协助诊断疾病;该疾病引起的视力损害及眼底结构改变在治疗后4周逐渐好转。

新型冠状病毒感染;急性黄斑神经视网膜病变;Purtscher样视网膜病变;多发性一过性白点综合征;光相干断层扫描;微视野
ABSTRACT

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical features and disease outcomes of patients with fundus lesions associated with novel coronavirus infection (COVID-19).

MethodsA case series observational study was conducted.Eighteen eyes of 10 patients with COVID-19 related fundus lesions diagnosed in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from December 2022 to February 2023 were included.The affected eyes were examined by best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, slit lamp microscopy, scanning laser fundus photography (SLO), infrared fundus photography, optical coherence tomography (OCT), visual field and microperimetry.After the diagnosis was confirmed, according to the patients' willingness, 6 patients were treated with mecobalamin, vinblastine, and Aescuven forte orally.The other 4 patients were treated with glucocorticoid and methylprednisolone tablets orally with an initial dose of 32 mg/d, and the dose was reduced by 4 mg every 5 days, and potassium chloride tablets, calcium carbonate tablets, and omeprazole enteric-coated capsules were taken orally.According to the diagnosis and treatment of acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), the patients were divided into glucocorticoid treatment group (4 cases, 7 eyes) and non-glucocorticoid treatment group (4 cases, 8 eyes).The patients were followed up for 4 weeks.The BCVA, retinal morphology and structure, retinal sensitivity and fixation stability were compared before and after treatment.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University (No.2022-KY-1482-002).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.

ResultsAmong the enrolled 10 cases (18 eyes), there were 9 cases (17 eyes) of AMN, including 1 eye with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR), 1 eye with acute para-central medial maculopathy (PAMM), and 1 eye with multiple transient white dot syndrome (MEWDS).The SLO images of AMN patients showed redbrown irregular lesions in the fovea or parafovea of the macular area.The OCT images showed patchy strong reflection between the OPL and ONL in the fovea or parafovea of the macular area, and the adjacent EZ/IZ had different degrees of local fracture, and the reflection signal was disordered.The BCVA of the eyes after 4 weeks of treatment was higher than that before treatment, and the difference was statistically significant ( Z=-2.823, P<0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment, the retinal sensitivity of the eyes was (26.57±2.24)dB, which was significantly higher than that before treatment (24.17±2.73)dB ( t=-11.329, P<0.001).There was no statistically significant difference in LogMAR BCVA and retinal sensitivity between the AMN glucocorticoid treatment group and the AMN non-glucocorticoid treatment group before and after 4 weeks of treatment ( Z=-0.986, P>0.05; t=-1.656, P>0.05).

ConclusionsThe main manifestations of COVID-19 related fundus lesions are AMN, PAMM, PLR, MEWDS, etc.OCT, microperimetry and other auxiliary examinations can help to diagnose the disease.The visual impairment and fundus structural changes caused by COVID-19 gradually improve after 4 weeks of treatment.

Coronavirus disease 2019;Acute macular neuroretinopathy;Purtscher-like retinopathy;Multiple transient white spot syndrome;Optical coherence tomography;Microperimetry
Dong Shuqian, Email: mocdef.3ab616002naiquhsgnod
引用本文

王沙沙,李秋明,周咏薇,等. 新型冠状病毒感染相关眼底病变患者的临床特征及疾病转归[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(11):1028-1035.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240205-00037

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新型冠状病毒感染(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2型(severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2,SARS-CoV-2)引起,自2019年12月以来,在全球范围内广泛传播,SARS-CoV-2感染会影响眼部多种组织 [ 1 ]。文献报道,部分COVID-19患者会出现一些眼部症状,包括异物感、瘙痒、流泪、结膜充血及视物模糊等,较常见的眼部并发症是结膜炎,其发病率高达1/3 [ 2 , 3 ]。部分文献报道了与COVID-19相关的眼底表现,包括孤立的棉绒斑和视网膜微出血、急性黄斑神经视网膜病变(acute macular neuroretinopathy,AMN)和急性旁中心中层黄斑病变(paracentral acute middle maculopathy,PAMM),以及视网膜动脉阻塞、视网膜静脉阻塞 [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]。相对于COVID-19引起的眼表病变,其引起的眼底病变更为隐匿和多样,目前对COVID-19相关眼底病变的临床表现及治疗的研究仍不足。光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)可检查视网膜、脉络膜的解剖结构;微视野检查可以精确测量黄斑区视网膜敏感度并评估患者固视情况。利用影像学检查对COVID-19相关眼底病变进行早期诊断,及时治疗,对改善视力预后非常有意义 [ 1 ]。本研究观察COVID-19相关眼底病变患者的临床特征、影像学表现及疾病转归,以期为该病的临床诊断、治疗及转归提供更多依据。
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备注信息
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董淑倩,Email: mocdef.3ab616002naiquhsgnod
B

王沙沙:研究设计与实施、数据采集、统计分析、文章撰写;李秋明:研究设计、文章修改;周咏薇、武佳卉、马立欣:实施研究、数据采集;董淑倩:指导研究、对文章知识性内容的审阅及定稿

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所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
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河南省医学科技攻关计划(省部共建重点项目) (SBGJ202102167)
河南省中青年卫生健康科技创新人才培养项目(杰青人才) (YXKC2022025)
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