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小胶质细胞参与的细胞间通讯在视网膜神经血管单元中的作用
雷林旖
曹原
姚进 [综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230627-00025
Role of intercellular communication involving microglia in retinal neurovascular unit
Lei Linyi
Cao Yuan
Yao Jin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Lei Linyi
The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
Cao Yuan
The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
Yao Jin
The Affiliated Eye Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230627-00025
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摘要

视网膜神经血管单元(NVU)是由视网膜神经元、胶质细胞(大胶质细胞和小胶质细胞)以及血管系统构成的一个相互依赖的整体，在糖尿病视网膜病变等眼部疾病中起到关键作用。细胞通讯是视网膜NVU中各个细胞间联系的重要方式，包括以膜表面分子交互为主的直接型通讯作用以及细胞间分泌的可溶性因子为通讯介质的间接型通讯作用。小胶质细胞作为视网膜常驻免疫细胞，通过细胞间通讯作用精细协调神经组织与血管组织间活动，维持视网膜生理与病理功能。本篇综述探讨了视网膜小胶质细胞对神经节细胞的双重作用、与Müller细胞的炎症级联作用、对血管生成及毛细血管舒缩的调节作用、与周细胞共同参与血－视网膜内屏障的维持作用，并探究小胶质细胞在NVU的潜在作用。

小胶质细胞;视网膜;细胞间通讯;神经血管单元
ABSTRACT

The retinal neurovascular unit (NVU) is an interdependent system comprising neurons, glial cells (macroglia and microglia), and the vascular structure, entrusted with the preservation of retinal homeostasis.It plays a key role in eye diseases such as diabetic retinopathy.Cell communication forms a pivotal conduit for interaction within the NVU, encompassing both direct communication predominantly through gap junctions and cell surface receptors, as well as indirect communication via secreted intercellular soluble factors.As resident immune cells in the retina, microglia orchestrate activities between neural and vascular tissues through intercellular communication to maintain physiological and pathological functions of the retina.This review explores the multiple impact of retinal microglia on retinal ganglion cells, the inflammatory positive feedback loop involving retinal microglia and Müller cells, the modulation of angiogenesis, capillary constriction/dilation, and the role of microglia in maintaining the blood-retinal barrier within the retina in concert with pericytes.The potential influence of microglia within the neurovascular unit is also investigated.

Microglia;Retina;Cell communication;Neurovascular unit
Yao Jin, Email: mocdef.6ab21nijoayrd
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引用本文

雷林旖,曹原,姚进. 小胶质细胞参与的细胞间通讯在视网膜神经血管单元中的作用[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(11)：1060-1064.

DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20230627-00025

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视网膜位于眼球后壁的最内层，参与感受外界光信号的刺激并将其转化为电信号，在视觉的产生过程中起到至关重要的作用。视网膜由多种细胞组成，包括血管内皮细胞、周细胞、Müller细胞、神经元(神经节细胞、无长突细胞、水平细胞)和小胶质细胞等。这些细胞通过可溶性信号分子交流或/和细胞接触依赖性通讯，组成功能和结构上的耦合体，即视网膜神经血管单元(neurovascular unit，NVU)，负责实时调整视网膜血流、控制视网膜营养物质的运送、维持神经信号稳态 [ 1 , 2 ]。细胞间通讯即细胞间的信号转导，是多细胞生物在机体稳态与病理状态下实现精准调节的基础，通过直接接触、内分泌及旁分泌维持组织生理功能稳态 [ 3 ]。小胶质细胞作为视网膜固有免疫细胞，是联系神经、血管、大胶质细胞的纽带，其细胞间通讯参与神经血管单元的精细调控作用 [ 4 , 5 , 6 ]。本文基于视网膜NVU角度，分析小胶质细胞与其他重要细胞的细胞间通讯作用，旨在从分子层面理解视网膜疾病中神经损伤、炎症反应、新生血管形成以及血－视网膜屏障功能障碍等病理生理过程。
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备注信息
A
姚进，Email： mocdef.6ab21nijoayrd
B
所有作者均声明不存在利益冲突
C
国家自然科学基金 (81970823、82271107)
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