首页 中华实验眼科杂志 2024年42卷11期 小鼠近视模型的影响因素及研究进展
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ENGLISH ABSTRACT
小鼠近视模型的影响因素及研究进展
刘素素 
石梦海
[综述]
[综述]
张红敏 
[综述]
[综述]
作者及单位信息
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240108-00011
Influencing factors and research progress in the mouse model of myopia
Liu Susu
Shi Menghai
Zhang Hongmin
Authors Info & Affiliations
Liu Susu
Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Shi Menghai
Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
Zhang Hongmin
Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Henan Eye Hospital, Henan Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Department of Ophthalmology, Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450003, China
·
DOI： 10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240108-00011
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摘要
近年来，近视患病率居高不下，已成为全球关注的公共卫生问题。对近视发病机制的深入探索有助于实现近视的精准防控。动物模型是研究发病机理和防治方法的重要工具。小鼠是常用的实验动物，具有易繁殖饲养、可基因编辑等优势，在近视机理研究中备受青睐。然而，由于小鼠眼球较小，增加了屈光度和眼轴精准测量的难度，且正常小鼠屈光度随周龄变化规律与人类相反。本文综述了小鼠眼部组织结构特点，包括角膜、晶状体、玻璃体、视网膜和巩膜，以及小鼠屈光发育规律和近视模型的制作和判定方法的最新进展，以期为后续开展近视研究时选择适合的模型动物和建模方法提供参考。
近视;小鼠;屈光发育;形觉剥夺;光学离焦;屈光度;眼轴长度
ABSTRACT
In recent years, the high prevalence of myopia has become a global public health concern.Understanding the mechanism will help to achieve precise prevention and treatment of myopia.Animal models are important tools for studying the pathogenesis and prevention strategies.Mice are commonly used in myopia research, because they are easy to breed, feed and genetically manipulate.However, their small eye size makes it difficult to accurately measure the changes in biological parameters such as refraction and axial length.In addition, the refractive developmental pattern of mice is opposite to that of humans.This article reviews the structural features of the mouse cornea, lens, vitreous body, retina and sclera, the pattern of refractive development, and the latest progress about the establishment and evaluation of murine myopia models to provide some hints and references for further research.
Myopia;Mouse;Refractive development;Form deprivation;Optical defocus;Refraction;Axial length, eye
Zhang Hongmin, Email:
mocdef.3ab616090mhz
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引用本文
刘素素,石梦海,张红敏. 小鼠近视模型的影响因素及研究进展[J]. 中华实验眼科杂志,2024,42(11)：1065-1072.
DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn115989-20240108-00011PERMISSIONS
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近视是眼球屈光力与眼轴长度不匹配，导致远处物体成像于视网膜前的一种屈光不正状态
[
1
]。近几十年来，近视患病率急剧升高且发病年龄趋于低龄化，致使高度近视患者数量日趋庞大
[
2
,
3
]，显著增加了青光眼、视网膜脱离、黄斑变性等并发症的终生罹患风险。这些并发症可导致不可逆的视力损害甚至致盲
[
4
]。近视矫正及其并发症的治疗给个人和社会均造成了沉重的经济负担
[
5
]。尽管国内外对近视的研究愈发重视，但目前近视的发病机制尚不完全清楚，而动物模型是探索疾病机理和治疗方法不可或缺的工具。目前，近视研究常用的实验动物有鸡、豚鼠、小鼠、树鼩、狨猴、恒河猴、兔子及斑马鱼等
[
6
,
7
,
8
,
9
,
10
,
11
,
12
,
13
]。有研究曾对上述模型动物的优缺点进行比较。总体而言，与鸡和斑马鱼等非哺乳类动物相比，小鼠的眼球结构与人类更为相似；与其他哺乳类动物(如豚鼠、树鼩、狨猴等)相比，小鼠的基因组数据完备，便于进行基因敲除和基因编辑，且有多种市售抗体可供选择，使其在近视机理研究中具有明显优势
[
14
,
15
,
16
]。目前，国内外已有多个团队成功建立了小鼠近视模型
[
13
,
17
,
18
,
19
]。但因为实验条件和研究方法的不同，得出的结果和结论尚存在一些差异和争议。本文将从小鼠眼球结构、屈光发育规律、近视模型的制作和判定方法等角度，对小鼠近视模型的影响因素进行分析，以期为后续近视相关研究提供参考。
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